Harold R. Heaton

Harold Robertson Heaton (born January 19, 1861)[1] was a newspaper artist whose work focused on cartoons. His prodigious body of work contributed to the development of political cartoons. He also illustrated books and produced sketches and paintings. He left newspaper work in 1899 to begin acting on the stage, and later wrote plays as well. He returned to cartooning for six years beginning in 1908, but continued acting while doing so. He appeared in many Broadway productions through 1932. A brief retrospective on his employment with the Chicago Tribune, from October 1942, mentioned his obituary had been printed "a few years ago".[2]

Harold Robertson Heaton
Self portrait 1892
BornJanuary 19, 1861
Salem, Illinois, U.S.
DiedCirca 1939-1940
NationalityAmerican
EducationSt. Louis School of Fine Arts
Occupation(s)Cartoonist, actor
Years activeCartoonist 1887-1914
Actor 1899-1932

Early years

Born in Salem, Illinois, he was the son of Charles Heaton, a civil engineer from England, and Amy Robertson from Missouri.[3][4][1][5] Although born in Illinois,[3] he spent much of his childhood in New York.[6], before moving to St. Louis. As a boy and young man he went by "Harry Heaton".

He attended the St. Louis School of Fine Arts then worked on the Missouri Republican in St. Louis.[6] In 1887 he was the first artist hired by the Chicago Daily Tribune,[7] where he later headed the illustration department.[6]

Newspaper artist

Chicago Tribune
June 1888

The first drawings Heaton prepared for the Tribune were done using the "chalk plate" method[fn 1] at his own home.[7] This gave way to the zinc etching method by the end of 1887.[7] One drawing of the still incomplete but newly-opened Auditorium Building for the 1888 Republican National Convention was reprinted fifty years later by the Tribune as an example of Heaton's skill.[7]

Heaton's illustrations became some of the newspaper's most popular features, and his work was presented on the front page soon after he began working for the Tribune. During the 1890's he signed his newspaper artwork as "HRH", which led to the nickname "His Royal Highness".[2] In 1893, he produced illustrated weekly commentaries on the World's Columbian Exposition. The newspaper had him continue the Events of the Week drawings long after the exposition closed, and later published annual compilations in book form.[8]

Oct 20, 1895

These "pen pictures" as the Tribune labelled them were a series of contiguous panels, a bit like a comic strip, though without a continuous storyline. Only the central panel bore the "HRH" signature. Besides drawing, Heaton also delivered lectures on newspaper illustrating to professional societies and social groups.[9][10] During the later years of the 1890s he also started taking part in amateur theatricals.[11] Heaton left the newspaper in the Fall of 1899 to pursue a stage career.[12]

The Inter Ocean
July 1911

In the fall of 1908 Heaton re-entered journalism by joining the The Inter Ocean as an editorial cartoonist. Although his cartoons with the The Inter Ocean began as wide-ranging commentaries on current events, he found his niche within the world of Chicago politics. His cartoons developed a particular focus on Chicago Mayor Fred Busse and State's Attorney John E. Wayman. For this time period, he signed his work as "Harold Heaton" and often inserted a small crow into drawings as a trademark.[13] He gave a lecture on newspaper illustration to the Illinois Woman's Press Association in 1910,[14] and with other newspaper cartoonists contributed drawings to the Actors' Fund Day special program, distributed in Chicago theaters on April 17, 1914.[15]

At first appearing on the front page, his daily cartoon was moved to the editorial page 3 in later years. One cartoon, called "Merely a Passenger", won acclaim from a national group of bankers meeting in Washington, D.C. to lobby Congress for financial reform.[16] However, a retrospective by a Chicago Tribune writer many years later claimed that though Heaton had good ideas, his style while at The Inter Ocean was out of date.[2] His last drawing for the newspaper appeared on April 25, 1914, when the paper was already in receivership.[17]

Other artwork

Although best known for his cartoons and drawings for newspapers, Heaton was also an accomplished artist in both black-and-white sketches and water-color landscapes. He traveled a great deal for the latter, with pictures from Maine, Florida, and Tangier being noted at a Chicago exhibition in 1900.[18] Heaton also traveled to Spain and Morocco for a book illustrating assignment in the early 1890's, and had several illustrations for magazine stories published during 1893-1895. His black-and-white pictures were favorably received at the Chicago Society of Artists annual exhibitions at the Athenæum.[19][20] His artwork of all types was annually on exhibition at Anderson's Art Gallery and O'Brien's Art Gallery.[21][22]

Acting career

With the death of his mother in January 1899,[5] Heaton decided to give up newspaper work for acting. An interviewer, visiting him in August 1899, was told if he'd come "a month hence, you wouldn't have found me here".[12] Heaton expressed frustration with his inability to break into magazine illustration, saying a newspaper artist was typecast by publishers. According to Heaton, he'd wanted to quit newspaper work four years previously, but had his mother living with him.[12]

Early stage work

William Gillette cast Heaton in Sherlock Holmes as Sir Edward Leighton, a role he would play from the play's first tryout in Buffalo, New York during October 1899[23] through its Broadway run[24] up to its final tour in Boston during March 1901.[25] When Gillette went to London with Sherlock Holmes, Heaton was again part of the cast, but he stayed on in England after the play closed.[26] He spent a year in the United Kingdom with the James Welch company, playing at the Comedy Theatre in the West End of London and on tour in England and Wales with The New Clown.[27][28]

Heaton's next stage work was for the American version of J. M. Barrie's The Admirable Crichton, which opened in November 1903.[29] After it closed in March 1904, he formed a three-person troupe,[fn 2] Harold Heaton & Company, which played a one-act farce of his own writing called The Rat on a vaudeville circuit.[30][31] Heaton then joined the touring company for The Admirable Crichton starting in October 1904.[32]

Heaton was again cast by William Gillette for a revival of Sherlock Holmes in March 1905.[33] Heaton also wrote another one-act play, In the Artist's Studio, for Jessie Busley to use in vaudeville.[34] He then joined Lawrence D'Orsay's troupe for the tryouts and Broadway run of The Embassy Ball in early 1906.[35][36]

Lady Jim

The first full-length play Heaton wrote was this three-act comedy. Lady Jim had been purchased by Walter N. Lawrence in March 1906[37] as a vehicle for Hilda Spong,[38] with rehearsals starting in August.[39] Heaton and George Forster Platt staged the play, which featured Antoinette Perry.[40] The play premiered on August 28, 1906 at Weber's Theatre.[38]

The reception was severe; writing, staging, and acting all came in for criticism, with only the set design escaping censure.[41][42] The New York Times was harsh and personal, asserting that "Harold Heaton" must be a nom de plume for a naive young girl, and disparaging Hilda Spong's acting.[43] Despite some rewriting by Heaton and the producer, the show closed on September 19, 1906. Heaton spent the remainder of 1906 and part of 1907 on tour with The Embassy Ball.[44][45] In early 1908 he played a role in a Julia Marlowe revival of When Knighthood Was in Flower.[46]

Intermission

During the second half of 1908, Heaton took a position with The Inter Ocean as cartoonist. His acting slowed for several years, but he still took part in Chicago-based performances. Some were for benefits,[47] another was a work called The Stolen Story, where the cast consisted of real newspapermen from Chicago papers.[48] In 1911 he performed in a musical comedy called The Heart Breakers by Frank R. Adams and Will M. Hough, with songs by Harold Orlob and Melville Gideon, that ran for seven weeks.[49] His cartoons, meanwhile, continued to appear in The Inter Ocean. By late April 1914, however, the newspaper was failing financially and Heaton's cartoons for it stopped.

Later stage work
1916

For the next year Heaton continued to live in Chicago, appearing in and staging amateur productions for a variety of clubs, social groups, and Chautauqua assemblies. Sometime in 1915 he moved to Cincinnati, Ohio where he became active in the Little Theater movement there. He gave lectures at the Schuster-Martin School of Drama and staged plays at the attached Little Playhouse Company. In April 1916 he joined the touring Redpath Chautauqua,[50] for which he wrote a new one-act play, Account Overdue (1916).[51]

After several years with professional touring companies, Heaton returned to Broadway in 1920 with The Guest of Honor.[52] William Hodge wrote and starred in it, and caught the full brunt of Heywood Broun's merciless review.[52] Despite the savaging, the play lasted two months on Broadway then went on tour. At Chicago, critic Percy Hammond commiserated with Heaton's character losing the girl to the star, saying it was "no reward for a pleasant actor and a reformed cartoonist".[53] Heaton's next Broadway role was in The Fan, which starred Helen Spong, who had evidently forgiven him for Lady Jim.[54] He spent three years playing revivals with touring companies, before landing a character role in the Broadway version of Mozart in November 1926.[55]

Heaton was then cast in two more Broadway plays, both involving Zoe Akins. For The Crown Prince in 1927, Akins adapted a play by Ernest Vajda from the Hungarian.[56] The popular success, The Greeks Had a Word for It, was written by Akins in 1930. By this time Heaton was sixty-nine years-old, and relegated to a feature role, as he would be in Three Times the Hour in 1931.[57]

Final performances

Heaton was a featured player in two Broadway productions during the first half of 1932, Happy Landing[58] and The Boy Friend,[fn 3][59] both of which lasted less than a month.

His last known acting work was for a play called Cain's Sister.[60] It had a three-day tryout starting September 29, 1932 at the Shubert Theatre in New Haven, Connecticut,[60] followed by a one-week tryout at the Broad Street Theatre in Newark, New Jersey.[61] The producer then retired the play "for revision".[62]

Personal life

When he applied for a passport in April 1891, he was recorded as being 5'11.5" (181.6 cm) tall, with grayish-blue eyes and dark brown hair.[1] The art critic James William Pattison said Heaton was tall and a clever "joke-maker".[18] Besides drawing, painting, and acting, Heaton also played the piano,[63] and wrote poetry.[64] He had an active social life in 1890's Chicago, attending parties, balls, and the opera with such notables as Mrs. Fiske and Marshall Field.[65][66] He was described by a reporter as "one of the pleasantest men I ever met, and surely one of the most versatile artists who ever worked on a metropolitan newspaper".[12] He was a member of The Savage Club, a Chicago-based professional men's social club,[67] and as late as 1932 was elected president of the Cartoonists' Club of Chicago.[68]


Works

Books
  • Events of the Week: A Pictorial Record, (1894) - First series of HRH drawings, published by the Chicago Tribune.
  • Events of the Week: A Pictorial Record, (1895) - Second series of HRH drawings, published by the Chicago Tribune.
  • Events of the Week: A Pictorial Record, (1896) - Third series of HRH drawings, covering from December 1, 1894 through December 1, 1895, published by the Chicago Tribune.[8]

Plays
  • The Rat, (1904) - One-act domestic farce, played on vaudeville circuit by Harold Heaton & Company.[30][31]
  • In the Artist's Studio (1905) - One-act farce, first performed May 8, 1905 at Boston's Empire Theater.[34]
  • Dressing for Dinner, (1905) - One act play, originally written for and performed by Clara Bloodgood.[69]
  • A Friend in Need, (1905) - One-act farce presented on a matinee program by the American Academy of Dramatic Arts at the Empire Theatre, January 11, 1906.[70]
  • Lady Jim, (1906) - Heaton's first three-act play was not a success on Broadway.
  • Where There Is Smoke, (1914) - One-act play, first performed by Hull House Players at the Hull House Theater.[71]
  • Account Overdue, (1916) - Written for the Redpath Chautaqua, and played on tour in 1916 and 1917.
  • Alan Intrudes, (1917) - Three-act comedy, first performed in Cincinnati at Memorial Hall on March 19, 1918.[72]
  • The Third Generation, (1919) - Never produced.
  • A Woman Had a Friend, (1920) - Society melodrama, never produced.

Stage performances
By year of first performance, excluding amateur productions.
Year Play Role Venue Notes/Sources
1899 Sherlock Holmes Sir Edward Leighton Garrick Theatre
Touring company		 His first professional acting job ran from 1899 to 1901 with William Gillette's company.[23][24][25]
1901 Brother Officers Captain Hutchinson Lyceum Theatre Heaton had joined the Lyceum Theatre stock company in Rochester, New York.[73]
Lord Chumley Winterbottom Lyceum Theatre Heaton received mild praise for this and his previous work at the Lyceum.[74]
Uncle Tom's Cabin Tom Loker Lyceum Theatre [75]
1902 The New Clown Capt. Jack Trent Touring company
Comedy Theatre		 Heaton was with the James Welch company, which included Estelle Winwood, for a year.[27][28]
1903 The Admirable Crichton Rev. John Treherne Wieting Opera House
Lyceum Theatre		 After a tryout in Syracuse, J. M. Barrie's play came to Broadway in November 1903.[29]
1904 The Rat Jack Martin Vaudeville circuit Heaton's first known play, a one-act farce, performed by his own company.[30][31]
The Admirable Crichton Rev. John Treherne Touring company William Gillette and the Broadway cast started the tour in Buffalo.[32]
1905 Sherlock Holmes Lightfoot McTeague Empire Theatre Revival by William Gillette.[33]
1906 The Embassy Ball Eugene Lewis Daly's Theatre
Touring company		 Heaton was in the Broadway run and touring company for this three-act play by Augustus Thomas.[36][44]
1907 The Music Lesson Vaudeville circuit Heaton starred in this one-act play, which he performed well into 1908.
1908 When Knighthood Was in Flower Sir Edwin Caskoden This was at least the third revival by Julia Marlowe of the Paul Kester play.[46]
1909 The Stolen Story Himself [48]
The Greatest Gift People's Theater Written by Charles W. Collins, drama critic for The Inter Ocean.[47]
1911 The Heart Breakers Soldier Princess Theater Musical comedy starred Sallie Fisher and George Damerel.[49]
1913 Dressing for Dinner Wilson Avenue Theater Heaton starred in a revival of his own one-act play, with Ella Malinrose.[69]
1918 Alan Intrudes Memorial Hall Three-act comedy by Heaton; he also staged and performed in it.[72]
Passers-By Peter Waverton Montauk Theatre Heaton played the lead in this revival of a four-act comedy by C. Haddon Chambers.[76]
Eyes of Youth Robert Goring Touring Company
1919 The Mood of the Moon Touring company Written by Cleave Kinkead.[77]
1920 The Guest of Honor Robert Thisby Broadhurst Theatre
Touring company		 [52][53]
1921 The Fan Jacques de Landeve Punch and Judy Theatre Adapted by Pitts Duffield from L'éventail by Robert de Flers and G. A. De Caillavet.[54]
1922 Enter Madame Gerald FitzGerald Corinthian Theatre Heaton was the male lead, playing the husband of an Italian diva.[78]
1923 The Bat Reginald Berenford Touring company
1926 Mozart Grimbaud Music Box Theatre [55]
1927 The Crown Prince Adjutant Von Stucken Forrest Theatre [56]
1930 The Greeks Had a Word for It Jones Sam H. Harris Theatre A popular success that ran for 263 performances, from September 1930 through to May 1931.
1931 Three Times the Hour John Avon Theatre [57]
1932 Happy Landing Robert Willis Granville Forty-Sixth Street Theatre Comedy about an amateur aviator, by John B. Hymer and William E. Barry, featured Margaret Sullavan.[58]
The Boy Friend Butler Morosco Theatre Melodramtic nightclub farce about chorus girls, gangsters, and reporters, by John Montague.[59]
Cain's Sister Shubert Theatre
Broad Street Theatre		 Written by Leila Wells and staged by Jacob Ben-Ami, it starred Gale Sondergaard and Walter Armitage.[60]

Notes
  1. A base plate of metal the height of type was coated with a plaster of paris compound about an eighth of an inch thick. The drawing was done upon the dried compound, then etched into the base plate using a steel needle.
  2. The other two members were Lily Lorrell (ingenue) and Ada Boshell (character/comedian).
  3. This was not related to the later musical of the same name.

References
  1. U.S. Passport Applications, 1795-1925 for Harold Robertson Heaton, Passport Applications, 1795-1905 > 1890-1892 > Roll 366 - 01 Apr 1891-13 Apr 1891, retrieved from Ancestry.com
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  3. 1870 United States Federal Census for Harry Heaton, New York > New York > New York Ward 15 District 02, retrieved from Ancestry.com
  4. Amy A. Robertson in the Illinois, U.S., Compiled Marriages 1851-1900, retrieved from Ancestry.com
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