Helmut Schreyer

Electromagnetic memory (relays) included in the Z3, Z5, and Z11

In 1939, when World War II started, Schreyer applied for exemption from the drafting for military service, on the basis that his work was important for the war efforts of Nazi Germany. Schreyer submitted to the German government a plan to build a large electronic computer. This plan was rejected by the Nazi German military, because the war was expected to only last a couple of years and building the electronic computer Schreyer envisaged, would have taken much longer.[1] Among others, Schreyer worked on detection technology for unexploded ordnance. He then worked on the accelerometer for the V-2-rocket. Schreyer's prototype of this accelerometer was destroyed, when he fled to Vienna on a train, during the last days of World War II.[2] Schreyer also worked on technology to convert the radar signal into an audio signal which the pilot of a fighter aircraft might recognize.

Konrad Zuse invented and built the so called Z-series of personal computers between 1936 and 1945. Zuse was a schoolmate and co-worker of Schreyer, who advised Zuse on relays. Subsequently, Zuse built the Z3 computer, integrating relays as arithmetic logic unit. The Z3 computer was completed in 1941 and used 2,600 relays, with the distinction of being the first personal computer that was fully operational, controlled entirely automatically, and being a calculating machine.[3] Schreyer had theorized on the use of electrical circuit technology to implement computers, but while he first considered it practically infeasible, he subsequently could not get the necessary funding for his theory. Up to 1942 Schreyer himself built an experimental model of a computer using 100 vacuum tubes,[4] which was lost at the end of World War II.

Schreyer planned to build a computer memory for 1000 words in 1943, that was to contain several thousand electron tubes, but the war put an end to all larger plans.[5] In 1944 he built an electrical circuit to convert decimal to binary numbers.[6]

Schreyer had fled to Vienna in the final days of World War II, where he went to the Brazilian Embassy, and he was issued with a Brazilian passport. He then fled to Brazil, where he was offered work at the Army's Technical School (ETE). In 1950 Schreyer's book on electronic digital computers was published in the Portuguese language by the ETE.[7]

While teaching at the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio) Schreyer alongside other faculty members of staff, supervised students for an end-of-term electronics project. The computer that was assembled by the students, nicknamed Lourinha (blondie), was the first computer to be designed and assembled in Brazil.[8]