Henri Gillard

Henri Gillard was born in Guégon, Morbihan, on 30 November 1901 at the manor of Trénaleuc. His ancestors had been farmers for several generations. He studied at Ploërmel and then at the major seminary of Vannes, before being ordained a priest on 20 December 1924 at the age of 23. First a college professor, he became a curate at Plumelec, then was appointed to Crédin where his superiors already did not appreciate his originality. He was mobilized for the Second World War in 1940 and returned to Crédin after the Fall of France.[2][3] During the German occupation, he took refuge in his reading.[2]

In March 1942 he arrived at Tréhorenteuc as the new rector of the parish. Because of his original and unconventional ideas, the diocese of Vannes probably wished to sideline him in this isolated rural village, accessible only by dirt roads, whose church was falling into ruins.[4][5] Tréhorenteuc, affected by rural flight, was said to be the chamber pot of the diocese. Father Gillard sympathized with the poor farmers of the commune, shared their life, and became their parish clerk.[6] With the 150 inhabitants of Tréhorenteuc,[7] he discerned the potential of the legends of Brocéliande and the nearby Val sans retour.[4] In redecorating the church of Tréhorenteuc (at his own expense)[8] he drew on themes from different traditions, Celtic, Christian, and esoteric.[9] The artworks he commissioned include two wooden statues of Saints Onenne and Judicaël by the sculptor Edmond Delphaut, a series of stained-glass windows by Henry Uzureau illustrating the life of St Onenne,[10] a series of paintings, altarpieces and other fittings by Karl Rezabeck and Peter Wisdorff (both released German prisoners-of-war),[11] and a mosaic of the white hart of Brocéliande, symbolizing Christ, by Jean Delpech.[12][13] Many of these artworks depict Arthurian subjects, including the Holy Grail. The Grail appears in the east window with Joseph of Arimathea and Christ, and it manifests itself to King Arthur and his knights in a painting above the sacristy door.[12] Morgan le Fay figures in one of a series of paintings on the Stations of the Cross, notable for setting the story in local Breton scenes.[11]

Gillard was putting himself in tune with the new socio-economic practices of his time, responding to the demands of tourism which had resulted from the arrival of paid holidays and the progress of the automobile.[9] The first tours were created in the post-war years: coaches went on Sundays from Rennes to Tréhorenteuc, where Father Gillard was responsible for showing people around the Val sans retour.[14] He presented the symbolic and religious aspects of the place, and did not hesitate to accommodate visitors in his restored church, like a youth hostel. Henri Gillard appeared on television (France 3) and radio (Europe 1), presenting the locations of the Arthurian legend. From 1943 he had small tour guides published by Éditions du Val.[15] He associated with Breton intellectuals like Xavier de Langlais and Jean Markale.[16] His great communication skills and his personality raised the profile of this village, which gradually attracted visitors from all over France. In the context of a declining agricultural economy his action allowed the municipality to find some tourist income.[4] His church became more a cultural centre than a place of worship, "for lack of inhabitants".[17]

In 1962 his ideas attracted the attention of the diocesan authorities. The church hierarchy, shocked by his actions and the way he mixed Christianity with pagan themes, moved him and prevented him from accessing the Sainte-Onenne church.[4] His last years were spent in a retirement home for clergy in Sainte-Anne-d'Auray, but he was still able to visit Tréhorenteuc thanks to the hospitality of Father Rouxel of the nearby village of Néant-sur-Yvel, and to meet admirers and enthusiasts.[18] It was not until his death in July 1979 that the diocese of Vannes officially rehabilitated him, and allowed him to be buried in his church.[4]

Henri Gillard wrote some twenty booklets under the name of "Le recteur de Tréhorenteuc", two audiovisual booklets on the Epistles and the Gospel in the national museums, and an essay devoted to the Zodiac. Most of his works can now be seen in the Tréhorenteuc tourist office.[3] His complete works are:[19]

The Église Saint-Onenne, Gillard's parish church

Father Gillard's work and thought was an eclectic mix of Celtic legends and Christian faith. He left behind a famous phrase, "The door is within", and other esoteric reflections such as "What we see does not exist, but what we do not see does exist". He was also the last rector of Tréhorenteuc: after his departure, the religious charge of the little church was entrusted to the rector of Néant-sur-Yvel and the parish priest of Mauron.[20] In 1994 the Association de sauvegarde des œuvres de l'Abbé Gillard (Association to safeguard the works of the Abbé Gillard) was created.[21] During his years of service as a priest, Father Gillard met Jacques Bertrand, alias Jean Markale, who has since been considered his spiritual heir.[22]

• Ealet, Jacky (2008). Tréhorenteuc en Brocéliande (in French). Ploërmel: Les Oiseaux de Papier. ISBN 978-2-916359-28-1. Retrieved 1 July 2023.

• Fairbairn, Neil; Cyprien, Michael (1983). A Traveller's Guide to the Kingdoms of Arthur. London: Evans Brothers. ISBN 9780237456566. Retrieved 4 July 2023.

• Guilloux, Yves (2004). Le triskell et l'écharpe: la transceltique d'un maire breton (in French). Coudray-Macouard: Cheminements. ISBN 9782844782519. Retrieved 1 July 2023.

• Lacy, Norris J. (1996). "Tréhorenteuc". In Lacy, Norris J. (ed.). The New Arthurian Encyclopedia. New York: Garland. ISBN 9781568654324. Retrieved 4 July 2023.

• Papieau, Isabelle (2014). Le retour de la celtitude: De Brocéliande aux fées stars (in French). Paris: L'Harmattan. ISBN 9782343032351. Retrieved 2 July 2023.