Holman Gregory

Sir Henry Holman Gregory (30 June 1864 – 9 May 1947) was an English lawyer, judge and Liberal Party politician.

Holman Gregory

Family and education

Holman Gregory was born at Bath in Somerset, the son of H T Gregory a well-known Bath solicitor.[1] He was educated at Bristol Grammar School where he later became President of the Old Boys' Society.[2]

He married first, in 1891, Ada Whitwill from Bristol. She died in 1930 and, in 1935, he married Nanette Evelyn O’Leary but neither marriage appears to have produced any children.[3]

Career

Solicitor and barrister

Gregory followed his father into the law. He was admitted as a member of his father's firm in 1886[4] and then practised as a solicitor at Bristol. He studied to become a barrister and was called to the Bar at the Middle Temple in 1897.[5] He then joined the Western Circuit and became one of its busiest junior counsel. He took silk in 1910.[6] He was made a Bencher of the Middle Temple in 1920[7] and was elected Treasurer in 1933.[8]

In 1924, Gregory was elected to the Bar Council, the body regulating the profession of barristers in the United Kingdom.[9]

Judge

Gregory became a judge in 1916 when he was appointed Recorder of Bath and in 1924 he was made Recorder of Bristol.[10] When Lord Haldane was Lord Chancellor during the first Labour Government he intended to nominate Gregory for a High Court judgeship but the government fell before he could do so. By this time however Gregory was reaching an age considered too advanced for promotion to the High Court bench and on the death of Judge Atherley-Jones in June 1929 he decided to accept the post of Judge of the Mayor's and City of London Court and Commissioner at the Central Criminal Court.[11] In 1932, on the retirement of Sir Henry Dickens, Gregory succeeded him as Common Serjeant of London and in 1934 took over from Sir Ernest Wild as Recorder of London,[12] serving until 1937 when he resigned at the age of 73.[13]

Gregory was the judge in the 1934 Caravan Club case.[14]

Defending counsel in a notorious case

In 1916, Gregory appeared for the defence in the case of Daniel Julian Bailey, a Dublin born soldier in the Royal Irish Rifles. Bailey was charged with High Treason in the company of the Irish nationalist, Roger Casement. Bailey had been recruited by Casement while a Prisoner of War in Germany but claimed he had only joined the Irish Brigade to facilitate his escape from Germany so he could get back to his regiment and continue fighting for King and Country.[15] Bailey was described as being of humble origin and had previously served as a soldier in the British army for nine years with an exemplary record. In the event the prosecution agreed to offer no evidence and Gregory saw his client acquitted.[16]

Politics

In 1913, the sitting Liberal MP for the Southern Division of Derbyshire, Sir Henry Herbert Raphael, announced that he would not be standing at the next election through ill-health,[17] although he had also fallen out with the party over the issue of land reform.[18] South Derbyshire Liberal Association wished at first to select the Hon. A L Stanley, the former MP for Eddisbury[19] but he was appointed Governor of Victoria in 1914 and was not available. In 1914 Gregory was selected as their prospective parliamentary candidate for a general election expected to take place in 1915. In 1918 he was chosen as the Coalition Liberal candidate for Derbyshire South at the general election. He was one of the few Liberals to be awarded the Coalition coupon in the Midlands[20] and in a straight fight with Labour he won 66% of the poll and a majority of 7,581 votes.[21] He decided not to stand for re-election in 1922.

Honours and appointments

In 1935 Gregory received a knighthood in the New Years Honours list.[22]

As a well-known lawyer and judge, and with political connections, Gregory was in frequent demand to sit on or to chair official commissions, boards of inquiry and labour arbitration tribunals. The most important of these assignments was to chair the Royal Commission on Unemployment Insurance in 1930.[23] The work of this commission was one of the factors which led to the introduction in 1931 of the National Government. The report of the Commission recommended that unemployment benefit be cut by 30%, that certain anomalies should be eliminated, that benefit should only be paid for 26 weeks a year and that some means testing should be introduced. The Labour government of Ramsay MacDonald did not implement these measures in full and when the all-party committee to look into government finances, including the crucial issue of unemployment benefits, under the chairmanship of Sir George May reported in July 1931, the government collapsed as Labour members could not countenance the cutting of benefits.[24]

From 1917 to 1920, Gregory presided over a departmental committee to enquire into the system of workmen's compensation, which formed the basis for policy and legislation in the succeeding years. In February 1924 he was chairman of the Court of Inquiry into the dockers strike.[25] He fulfilled the same role looking into railways disputes in 1924[26] and 1925. In 1924 he chaired an inquiry into the withheld retirement pay of naval officers.[27] During the Spanish Civil War, Gregory was charged with looking into the fate of Basque children who had arrived in Britain as war refugees.[28]

Death

Gregory died in London on 9 May 1947 at the age of 82.[29]

References
  1. The Times House of Commons 1919; Politico’s Publishing, 2004 p49
  2. The Times, 19 January 1919, p. 16
  3. Who was Who, OUP 2007.
  4. The Times, 13 May 1897 p8
  5. Who was Who, OUP 2007
  6. The Times House of Commons 1919; Politico’s Publishing, 2004 p49
  7. The Times, 10 October 1934 p14
  8. The Times, 18 February 1933 p10
  9. The Times, 15 February 1927 p5
  10. Who was Who, OUP 2007
  11. The Times, 12 July 1929 p14
  12. The Times, 10 October 1934 p14
  13. The Times, 13 July 1937 p14
  14. "Old Bailey Recorder Says Raided Club Was a "Den of Iniquity". The Daily Express, 27 October 1934, p. 7.
  15. The Times, 16 May 1916 p9
  16. The Times, 30 June 1916 p6
  17. The Times, 26 April 1913 p12
  18. The Times, 21 October 1912 p11
  19. The Times, 25 August 1913 p8
  20. Neil Fisher, The Decline of the Liberal Party: The 1918 General Election in the Midlands; Proceedings of the Plymouth Postgraduate Symposium 2008, University of Plymouth 2008 p93-104
  21. F W S Craig, British Parliamentary Election Results, 1918–1949; Political Reference Publications, Glasgow, 1949 p325
  22. The Times, 1 January 1935 p14
  23. Hansard: HC Deb 1 December 1930 vol 245 cc1785-7
  24. Chris Wrigley (ed.), A Companion to Early Twentieth Century Britain; Blackwell Publishing, 2003 pp381-182
  25. The Times, 19 February 1924 p7
  26. The Times, 8 March 1924 p10
  27. The Times, 13 May 1924 p8
  28. Tom Buchanan, Britain and the Spanish Civil War; Cambridge University Press, 1997 p114
  29. The Times, 10 May 1947 p7
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