Henry Scott, 3rd Duke of Buccleuch

Henry Scott, 3rd Duke of Buccleuch and 5th Duke of Queensberry KG FRSE (2 September 1746 – 11 January 1812) was a Scottish nobleman and long-time friend of Sir Walter Scott. He is the paternal 3rd great-grandfather of Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester, and the maternal 4th great-grandfather of Prince William of Gloucester and Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester.

His Grace
The Duke of Buccleuch and Queensberry
KG FRSE
The Duke of Buccleuch
Personal details
Born(1746-09-02)2 September 1746
Died11 January 1812(1812-01-11) (aged 65)
Dalkeith Palace,
Midlothian, Scotland
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1767)​
ChildrenElizabeth Home, Countess of Home
George Scott, Earl of Dalkeith
Mary Stopford, Countess of Courtown
Charles Montagu-Scott, 4th Duke of Buccleuch
Caroline Douglas, Marchioness of Queensberry
Henry Montagu Scott, 2nd Baron Montagu of Boughton
Harriet Kerr, Marchioness of Lothian
Parent(s)Francis Scott, Earl of Dalkeith
Lady Caroline Townshend
Shield of arms of Henry Scott, 3rd Duke of Buccleuch, KG, FRSE

Much of the family's lands and wealth were accumulated during Henry's tenure as duke. He integrated the surnames "Montagu" and "Douglas" with the Scott family name to form the unhyphenated compound surname "Montagu Douglas Scott".

Early life

Henry Scott was the fourth child of five born to Francis Scott, Earl of Dalkeith (son of Francis Scott, 2nd Duke of Buccleuch), and his wife, Caroline Campbell, and the third-born and only surviving male heir.[1] He was baptised on 29 September 1746 at St. George's Church, St George Street, Hanover Square, London, England.[2] His father, Francis Scott, died of smallpox at the age of 29, just one year before the death of Henry's grandfather, the 2nd Duke of Buccleuch. It was young Henry who succeeded his grandfather as Duke of Buccleuch on 22 April 1751, at the age of four.[1]

Educated at Eton College,[2] through his stepfather Charles Townshend, Henry was given the opportunity to travel abroad with Adam Smith as his tutor from 1764 to 1766. The Duke remained lifelong friends with Smith and is credited with bringing him out of his shell.

Marriage and family

On 2 May 1767, he married Lady Elizabeth Montagu,[1] the eldest daughter of Lady Mary Montagu and George (Brudenell) Montagu, 1st Duke of Montagu. The couple were married in Montagu House, Whitehall, London. Elizabeth's maternal and paternal grandparents were, respectively, Sir John Montagu, 2nd Duke of Montagu and Lady Mary Churchill, and George Brudenell, 3rd Earl of Cardigan and Lady Elizabeth Bruce. Two of her maternal great-grandparents were John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough and Lady Sarah Jenyns (later Churchill).

Henry and Elizabeth had seven children together:

The origin of the Montagu Douglas Scott surname

The Montagu line
The Duchess of Buccleuch by Thomas Gainsborough, c. 1767.

When John Montagu, 2nd Duke of Montagu, died on 5 July 1749, his estate had been entailed to his daughter, Mary, who was married to George Montagu, 1st Duke of Montagu. The Montagu peerages, like most English peerages, were limited to male heirs, and became extinct with the 2nd Duke. However, within ten days after Montagu's death, Cardigan adopted the Montagu name and coat of arms for both himself and his two children, in order that the Montagu name should continue. Seventeen years later, in 1766, King George III created him Duke of Montagu and Marquess of Monthermer.

The first duke of the 1766 creation died on 23 May 1790—also survived only by a daughter, Elizabeth, now Duchess of Buccleuch. Once again the Montagu peerages became extinct. Elizabeth inherited only the unentailed Montagu assets, which included Boughton House in Weekley, Northamptonshire. Like his father-in-law, Buccleuch wished to perpetuate the Montagu name, and adopted the unhyphenated surname Montagu Scott.

The Douglas line

William Douglas, 4th Duke of Queensberry never married; when he died on 23 December 1810, his peerages and entailments passed to his 2nd cousin once removed, Sir Henry Montagu Scott, 3rd Duke of Buccleuch, through Sir Henry's grandmother, Lady Jane Douglas, Queensberry's first cousin once removed. Buccleuch then added the surname to his own, forming the unhyphenated surname Montagu Douglas Scott which the family bears to this day.

Career
The Duke of Buccleuch by Philip Audinet, 1798.

Buccleuch was Governor of the Royal Bank of Scotland from 1777 to 1812. He was joint founder of the Royal Society of Edinburgh and its first President, serving from 1783 until his death in 1812. He was Lord Lieutenant of Midlothian and of Haddington from 1794 to 1812.[2][6] He was also appointed a deputy lieutenant of Northamptonshire on 9 May 1803.[7]

In 1778, when Britain was threatened with invasion by France and Spain during the American War of Independence, he raised a regiment of Fencibles at Dalkeith, the South Fencible Regiment or 'Southern regiment of Fencible Men' on 10 April and commanded it as Colonel until its disbandment on 1 April 1783. In the French Revolutionary Wars he raised and commanded a Volunteer unit, the 2nd Royal Edinburgh Volunteers, from 1797 until the Scottish Militia was authorised by Parliament in 1798. He was then instructed to raise the 10th North British Militia to which (as lord-lieutenant) he appointed himself colonel. He commanded the regiment and its successor the Edinburgh (County and City) Militia, and occasionally the Scottish Militia Brigade, until his resignation in 1811.[8]

Death

Buccleuch died at Dalkeith Palace, Midlothian, Scotland, on 11 January 1812, aged 65. He was buried in the family crypt of the Buccleuch Memorial Chapel in St. Mary's Episcopal Church, Dalkeith, Midlothian.[1] The church is located on High Street in Dalkeith, at the entrance to Dalkeith Country Park.[9]

Titles, honours and awards

References
  1. G. E. Cokayne, Vicary Gibbs, H. A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 1910-1959, reprint, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000, volume IV, p. 442.
  2. G.E. Cokayne, Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 1910-1959, reprint, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000, volume II, p. 369.
  3. G.E. Cokayne, Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 1910-1959, reprint, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000, volume II, p. 370.
  4. Charles Mosley, editor, Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage, 107th edition, Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A.: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 2003, volume I, p 561.
  5. Scotland, Select Marriages, 1561-1910
  6. "War Office". Caledonian Mercury. 30 September 1778. p. 2.
  7. "No. 15666". The London Gazette. 14 January 1804. p. 63.
  8. Major R.C. Dudgeon, History of the Edinburgh, or Queen's Regiment Light Infantry Militia (now) Third Battalion The Royal Scots, Edinburgh: Blackwood, 1882/Bibliolife, nd, ISBN 978-1-10368643-8, pp. 16–58, Tables A & B.
  9. "Home - A WebsiteBuilder Website". Archived from the original on 21 October 2012. Retrieved 2 July 2012.
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