Hero of the Republic
Hero of the Republic (Korean: 공화국영웅; MR: Konghwaguk Yŏng'ung) is a North Korean honorific title. It was created on 30 June 1950 as Hero of the Korean People's Republic (조선인민공화국영웅). It was the first title created in the country. Despite having been created just five days after the Korean War broke out, the connection seems incidental.[1] 533 people were awarded Hero of the Republic during the war,[2] and many more since then.
| Hero of the Republic 공화국영웅 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Type | Honorific title |
| Country | North Korea |
| Presented by | Democratic People's Republic of Korea |
| Campaign(s) | Korean War (initial) |
| Status | Active |
| Established | 30 June 1950 |
| Total | At least 6116 |
| Total awarded posthumously | Kim Jong-suk soldiers of KPA and CVF killed in action |
 | |
| Precedence | |
| Next (higher) | None or Order of Kim Il Sung |
| Next (lower) | Hero of Labour |
| Related | Order of the National Flag (1st class) |
| Hero of the Republic | |
| Chosŏn'gŭl | |
|---|---|
| Hancha | |
| Revised Romanization | Gonghwagugy Yeongung |
| McCune–Reischauer | Konghwaguk Yŏng'ung |
Since there is no agreed upon order of precedence of North Korean titles, orders, and medals, it is not possible to definitively establish the rank of Hero of the Republic. According to Yonhap's North Korea Handbook, Hero of the Republic ranks below the Order of Kim Il Sung but above the Hero of Labor.[3] Martin Weiser, however, ranks Hero of Labor the highest.[1]
The medal was designed by Jong Chon-pa, who also designed the Hero of Labor, Order of the National Flag and others, including the Emblem of North Korea.[4]
Recipients
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Relief depicting the award at Revolutionary Martyrs' Cemetery
Since there are too many recipients, only those with Wikipedia articles are listed.
- Kim Il-chol[5]
- Paek Hak-rim, awarded October 1988[6]
- Kim Chol-man first awarded September 1968, Deputy Chief of Staff of the Korean People's Army; later key member of the Central Military Commission, the Politburo, and the National Defence Commission,[7] double hero April 1992[8]
- Choe Ryong-hae (1993), first secretary of the Kimilsungist-Kimjongilist Youth League and Central Committee member; later President of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly and First Vice Chairman of the State Affairs Commission[9]
- Army Marshal O Jin-u was made a Hero of the Republic in (February 1968) and Double Hero (February 1992).[8]
- Choe Hyon, commander of the North Korean II Corps and Minister of People's Armed Forces[10]
- Kim Jong-suk (posthumous), wife of Kim Il Sung and Communist anti-Japanese guerrilla
- Jong Song-ok, gold medalist in the 1999 World Championships in Athletics Women's Marathon in Seville, awarded 1999.[11][12]
- Lee Kwon-mu, Korean People's Army lieutenant general and commander of the North Korean 3rd Division during the Battle of Taejon[13]
- Kim Il Sung, 1st Supreme Leader of North Korea, (thrice: August 1953, April 1972, April 1982)[14]
- Kim Jong Il, 2nd Supreme Leader of North Korea, (four times: 1975, 1982, 1992, and 2011)[15]
- Peng Dehuai, Yuan Shuai of the People's Liberation Army and commander of the People's Volunteer Army during the Korean War[1]
- Choe Kwang, first awarded February 1968, double hero April 1992.[16]
- Josip Broz Tito, Prime Minister and President of Yugoslavia (25 August 1977)[17]
- Fidel Castro, Prime Minister and President of Cuba, (March 1986)[18]
- Ziaur Rahman, President of Bangladesh[19]
- Choe Chun-sik[20][21]
- Ri Tu-ik, General of the Korean People's Army, first awarded June 1968, double hero February 1992.[22]
- Kim Kwang-chol[23]
- Chon Mun-sop, first awarded November 1969, double hero April 1992.[24]
- Kang Kon, killed in Korean War, awarded September 1950.[25]
- Cho Myong-son, buried in the Revolutionary Martyrs' Cemetery, awarded 1992, also double recipient of Order of Kim Il Sung.[26]
- Choe In-dok, first awarded October 1970, double hero February 1992.[27]
- Kim Chaek, awarded 1968.[28]
- So Chol, awarded April 1992.[29]
- Kang Tong-yun, unknown when awarded.[30]
- Kim Yong-ju, unknown when awarded.[31]
- Kang Ki-sop, unknown when awarded.[32]
- Muammar Gaddafi, De facto leader of Libya, (1982)[33]
See also
References
- Weiser, Martin (8 January 2016). "Chests Full of Brass: A DPRK Political History in Orders, Medals, Prizes, and Titles". Sino-NK.
- North Korea Handbook 2002, p. 934.
- North Korea Handbook 2002, p. 131.
- "북한지역정보넷". www.cybernk.net. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
- "북한지역정보넷". www.cybernk.net. Retrieved 4 August 2021.
- "북한지역정보넷". www.cybernk.net. Retrieved 4 August 2021.
- "Kim Chol-man" (PDF). North Korean Leadership Watch. p. 2. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
- "북한지역정보넷". www.cybernk.net. Retrieved 4 August 2021.
- "Choe Ryong Hae (Ch'oe Ryong-hae)". North Korea Leadership Watch. 23 February 2018. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
- Intelligence Report: Kim Il-Sung's New Military Adventurism. Washington: Directorate of Intelligence, Central Intelligence Agency. 26 November 1968. p. 26. Reference title: ESAU XLI. Document number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 5077054e993247d4d82b6a8b. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 September 2017. Retrieved 9 June 2018.
- North Korea Handbook 2002, p. 493.
- "북한지역정보넷". www.cybernk.net. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
- Appleman, Roy E. (1998). South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu: United States Army in the Korean War. Washington: Department of the Army. p. 293. ISBN 978-0-16-001918-0.
- "북한지역정보넷". www.cybernk.net. Retrieved 4 August 2021.
- "Chairman Kim Jong Il: Biography". Naenara. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
- "북한지역정보넷". www.cybernk.net. Retrieved 4 August 2021.
- Bilo je časno živjeti s Titom (in Croatian). Zagreb: RO Mladost, RO Prosvjeta. February 1981. p. 102.
- "Confiere la República Popular Democrática de Corea a Fidel, Orden Héroe del Trabajo". Juventud Rebelde. 12 December 2006. Archived from the original on 27 November 2016.
- বাংলাদেশের রাজনৈতিক ঘটনাপঞ্জি ১৯৭১-২০১১-মুহাম্মদ হাবিবুর রহমান ||ROKOMARI.COM|| Archived 24 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine
- "최춘식". North korean info-Unification ministry.
- "北, '광명성3호' 유공자 101명에게 '공화국 영웅' 칭호 수여". Chosun Ilbo. 23 December 2012.
- "북한지역정보넷". www.cybernk.net. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
- "북한지역정보넷". www.cybernk.net. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
- "북한지역정보넷". www.cybernk.net. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
- "북한지역정보넷". www.cybernk.net. Retrieved 27 October 2021.
- "북한지역정보넷". www.cybernk.net. Retrieved 27 October 2021.
- "북한지역정보넷". www.cybernk.net. Retrieved 27 October 2021.
- "북한지역정보넷". www.cybernk.net. Retrieved 3 November 2021.
- "북한지역정보넷". www.cybernk.net. Retrieved 3 November 2021.
- "북한지역정보넷". www.cybernk.net. Retrieved 3 November 2021.
- "Respected Comrade Kim Jong Un Sends Wreath to Bier of Late Kim Yong Ju". NK News. 15 December 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
- "빛나는 삶의 품 30 충정의 한길에 삶은 빛난다" [Bosom of Brilliant Life Part 30 - Life Shines on the Road of Loyalty]. Youtube.com. Retrieved 29 December 2022.
- Daily Report: Asia & Pacific, Issues 211-230. The Service. 1982. p. D–2.
Works cited
- Baik Bong (1970). Kim Il Sung Biography: From Building Democratic Korea to Chullima Flight. Vol. 2. Tokyo: Miraisha. OCLC 630184658.
- North Korea Handbook. Seoul: Yonhap News Agency. 2002. ISBN 978-0-7656-3523-5.
Further reading
- Kim Il-sung (1981) [1951]. "Talk with Heroes of the Republic and Model Soldiers: June 29, 1951" (PDF). Kim Il Sung: Works. Vol. 6. Pyongyang: Foreign Languages Publishing House. pp. 331–338. OCLC 827642144.
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