Hereroland

Hereroland
Hereroland
1968–1989
	Flag
Status	Bantustan (1968-1980); Second-tier authority (1989-1989)
Capital	Okakarara
History
• Established	1968
• Re-integrated into Namibia	May 1989
Currency	South African rand
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	South West Africa
Namibia

Hereroland was a bantustan and later a non-geographic ethnic-based second-tier authority, the Representative Authority of the Hereros, in South West Africa (present day Namibia), intended by the apartheid-era government to be a self-governing homeland for the Herero people.

Allocation of Land to bantustans according to the Odendaal Plan. Hereroland is in the north-east.

Administrative history

Bantustan (1968–1980)

Hereroland was established as a geographically defined bantustan under the Odendaal Plan in 1968.[1] Because of internal strife among different Herero groups, no unified institutions were established for the Herero people until 1980. Two districts of Hereroland (West and East) were formed in 1970. The chief of Hereroland West, Clemens Kapuuo, claimed to be the paramount chief of all Hereros since 1970, but this claim was not recognized by the other Herero groups. [2]

Representative authority (1980–1999)

Following the Turnhalle Constitutional Conference the system of Bantustans was replaced in 1980 by Representative Authorities which functioned on the basis of ethnicity only and were no longer based on geographically defined areas.

The Representative Authority of the Hereros had executive and legislative competencies, being made up of elected Legislative Assemblies which would appoint Executive Committees led by chairmen.

As second-tier authorities, forming an intermediate tier between central and local government, the representative authorities had responsibility for land tenure, agriculture, education up to primary level, teachers' training, health services, and social welfare and pensions and their Legislative Assemblies had the ability to pass legislation known as Ordinances.[3]

Transition to independence (1989–1990)

Hereroland, like other homelands in South West Africa, was abolished in May 1989 at the start of the transition to independence.

Leadership

References

Lenggenhager, Luregn (2018). Ruling Nature, Controlling People: Nature Conservation, Development and War in North-Eastern Namibia since the 1920s. African Books Collective. p. 96. ISBN 978-3906927015.
A Survey of Race Relations in South Africa 1972. South African Institute of Race Relations. 1973. pp. 449., A Survey of Race Relations in South Africa 1975. South African Institute of Race Relations. 1976. p. 340.
https://www.lac.org.na/laws/1982/whi23.pdf

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[1] Lenggenhager, Luregn (2018). Ruling Nature, Controlling People: Nature Conservation, Development and War in North-Eastern Namibia since the 1920s. African Books Collective. p. 96. ISBN 978-3906927015.

[2] A Survey of Race Relations in South Africa 1972. South African Institute of Race Relations. 1973. pp. 449., A Survey of Race Relations in South Africa 1975. South African Institute of Race Relations. 1976. p. 340.

[3] ttps://www.lac.org.na/laws/1982/whi23.pdf