Het Schip

Het Schip (The Ship) is a building complex in the Spaarndammerbuurt neighbourhood of Amsterdam, Netherlands. The complex in the architectural style of the Amsterdam School was designed by Michel de Klerk in 1919. It originally contained 102 homes (now 82) for the working class, a small meeting hall, a post office, and an elementary school. Since 2001, the former school and post office are used as a museum about the Amsterdam School.

Museum Het Schip
Het Schip by Michel de Klerk, 1917–20
Het Schip is located in Amsterdam
Het Schip
Location in Amsterdam
Established2001
LocationOostzaanstraat 45
Amsterdam, Netherlands
Coordinates52.3903°N 4.8735°E / 52.3903; 4.8735
Visitors19.455 (2014)[1]
DirectorAlice Roegholt[2]
Websitewww.hetschip.nl/en

Historical background

In the 19th and early 20th century, Amsterdam faced a major housing shortage,[3] with many working-class people living in cramped quarters with no electricity or running water. Heating was usually provided by burning peat, and poor families often lived in a single room together.

In response to these squalid conditions, the Dutch government passed the National Housing Act (Woningwet) in 1901. This law set up much higher standards for housing and resulted in both the demolition of older, inadequate tenement buildings and the creation of new housing blocks with much better living conditions and prices that made them accessible to Amsterdam's poorer citizens. The new law also set aside financial resources for the development of low-income housing.[4] One of the affordable housing developments created in the wake of the passage of the National Housing Act was the Spaarndammerbuurt, where Het Schip and several other Amsterdam School social housing projects are located.[5]

Much of the new low-income housing was financed by cooperative housing associations run by groups such as workers' collectives, socialist organizations, religious groups. One such group was Eigen Haard, or "our own hearth," a socialist group that commissioned Michel de Klerk to design and build three blocks of proletarian housing, including Het Schip.[6]

Amenities

The apartments of Het Schip were a radical departure from the poor living conditions of many of Amsterdam's working-class people in the 20th century. Relatively spacious, they include several separate rooms as opposed to the one-room dwellings still common at the time. They also included flush toilets and had ample natural light and ventilation from windows. Ground-floor apartments also had gardens.

The building also includes a post office, which the poor had previously had little access to. The post office contained a telephone box from which families could make calls.

Exterior and collection
  • Perspective drawing by Michel de Klerk, 1917
    Perspective drawing by Michel de Klerk, 1917
  • Southern facade with design windows
    Southern facade with design windows
  • Tower
    Tower
  • Tower interior
    Tower interior
  • Hembrugstraat-Zaanstraat corner
    Hembrugstraat-Zaanstraat corner
  • Museum court: a design public toilet
    Museum court: a design public toilet
  • Museum court: a brick ornament of the Amsterdam building society Eigen Haard
    Museum court: a brick ornament of the Amsterdam building society Eigen Haard
  • Museum school: staircase with a wooden ornament
    Museum school: staircase with a wooden ornament
  • Museum: design clock
    Museum: design clock
  • Museum: design table
    Museum: design table

Post office
  • Post office exterior
    Post office exterior
  • Post office: outside view detail of the corner of the Zaanstraat - Spaarndammerplantsoen with a brick sculpture
    Post office: outside view detail of the corner of the Zaanstraat - Spaarndammerplantsoen with a brick sculpture
  • Post office: design telephone cell with the inscription "Spreek" ("Speak")
    Post office: design telephone cell with the inscription "Spreek" ("Speak")
  • Post office: design door with fist and text "Verboden" ("Restricted area")
    Post office: design door with fist and text "Verboden" ("Restricted area")
  • Post office: design post office front door
    Post office: design post office front door
  • Post office: a mannequin of a post official in uniform with cap
    Post office: a mannequin of a post official in uniform with cap
  • Post office exhibition: textile tags for PTT postal uniforms, metal buttons with PTT inscriptions
    Post office exhibition: textile tags for PTT postal uniforms, metal buttons with PTT inscriptions
  • Post office: a shield "Post en Telegraaf Kantoor"
    Post office: a shield "Post en Telegraaf Kantoor"
  • Post coffice: ceiling with a decoration imitating the edge of a deckled post stamp
    Post coffice: ceiling with a decoration imitating the edge of a deckled post stamp
  • Post office: hall with a design telephone booth and writing desk, seen from the counter
    Post office: hall with a design telephone booth and writing desk, seen from the counter
  • Post office: a writing desk in front of a design protruding window frame
    Post office: a writing desk in front of a design protruding window frame

Museum housing
  • Museum court: a slum lodging
    Museum court: a slum lodging
  • Design office building "vergaderhuisje"
    Design office building "vergaderhuisje"
  • Museum apartment: living room
    Museum apartment: living room
  • Museum apartment: kitchen
    Museum apartment: kitchen
  • Museum apartment: bedroom
    Museum apartment: bedroom

References
  1. , Toeristiche Barometer, 2015. Retrieved on 5 October 2015.
  2. "Team Het Schipt". Museum Het Schip (in Dutch). Museum Het Schip. Retrieved 5 October 2015.
  3. Encyclopedia of Twentieth Century Architecture. New York: Fitzroy Dearborn. 2004. pp. 46–48.
  4. Berlage, Hendrik (1996). Hendrik Berlage: Thoughts on Style, 1886-1909. Santa Monica, CA: The Getty Center for the History of Arts and the Humanities. p. 48.
  5. "Neighbourhood of Museum Het Schip". Museum Het Schip: De Amsterdamse School. Retrieved 13 June 2014.
  6. "Eigen Haard". Housing Prototypes.org. Retrieved 13 June 2014.
Dutch Rijksmonument 3961
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