List of highest mountains on Earth

There are at least 108 mountains on Earth with elevations of 7,200 metres (23,622 ft) or greater above sea level. The vast majority of these mountains are located on the edge of the Indian and Eurasian plates in China, India, Nepal and Pakistan.

Figure demonstrating the concept of topographic prominence: The prominence of a peak is the height of the peak's summit above the lowest contour line encircling it and no higher summit. For example, vertical arrows show the topographic prominence of three peaks on an island. A dotted horizontal line links each peak (except the highest) to its key col.

Aerial view of Mount Everest from the south. The peak rises over Lhotse, while Nuptse is the ridge on the left.

The dividing line between a mountain with multiple peaks and separate mountains is not always clear (see also Highest unclimbed mountain). A popular and intuitive way to distinguish mountains from subsidiary peaks is by their height above the highest saddle connecting it to a higher summit, a measure called topographic prominence or re-ascent (the higher summit is called the "parent peak"). A common definition of a mountain is a summit with 300 m (980 ft) prominence. Alternatively, a relative prominence (prominence/height) is used (usually 7–8%) to reflect that in higher mountain ranges everything is on a larger scale. The table below lists the highest 100 summits with at least 500 m (1,640 ft) prominence, approximating a 7% relative prominence. A drawback of a prominence-based list is that it may exclude well-known or spectacular mountains that are connected via a high ridge to a taller summit, such as Eiger, Nuptse or Annapurna IV. A few such peaks and mountains with nearly sufficient prominence are included in this list, and given a rank of "S".

It is very unlikely that all given heights are correct to the nearest metre; indeed, the sea level is often problematic to define when a mountain is remote from the sea. Different sources often differ by many metres, and the heights given below may well differ from those elsewhere in this encyclopedia. As an extreme example, Ulugh Muztagh on the north Tibetan Plateau is often listed as 7,723 m (25,338 ft) to 7,754 m (25,440 ft), but appears to be only 6,973 m (22,877 ft) to 6,987 m (22,923 ft). Some mountains differ by > 100 m (330 ft) on different maps, while even very thorough current measurements of Mount Everest range from 8,840 m (29,003 ft) to 8,848 m (29,029 ft). These discrepancies serve to emphasize the uncertainties in the listed heights.

Though some parts of the world, especially the most mountainous parts, have never been thoroughly mapped, it is unlikely that any mountains this high have been overlooked, because synthetic aperture radar can and has been used to measure elevations of most otherwise inaccessible places. Still, heights or prominences may be revised, so that the order of the list may change and even new mountains could enter the list over time. To be safe, the list has been extended to include all 7,200 m (23,622 ft) peaks.

The highest mountains above sea level are generally not the highest above the surrounding terrain. There is no precise definition of surrounding base, but Denali,[1] Mount Kilimanjaro[2] and Nanga Parbat[3] are possible candidates for the tallest mountain on land by this measure. The bases of mountain islands are below sea level, and given this consideration Mauna Kea (4,207 m (13,802 ft) above sea level) is the world's tallest mountain and volcano, rising about 10,203 m (33,474 ft) from the Pacific Ocean floor. Mount Lamlam on Guam is periodically claimed to be among the world's highest mountains because it is adjacent to the Mariana Trench; the most extreme claim is that, measured from Challenger Deep 313 kilometres (194 mi) away, Mount Lamlam is 37,820 feet (11,530 m) tall.[4][5] Ojos del Salado has the greatest rise on Earth: 13,420 m (44,029 ft) vertically to the summit from the bottom of the Atacama Trench, which is about 560 km (350 mi) away, although most of this rise is not part of the mountain.

The highest mountains are also not generally the most voluminous. Mauna Loa (4,169 m or 13,678 ft) is the largest mountain on Earth in terms of base area (about 2,000 sq mi or 5,200 km2) and volume (about 10,000 cu mi or 42,000 km3), although, due to the intergrade of lava from Kilauea, Hualalai and Mauna Kea, the volume can only be estimated based on surface area and height of the edifice. Mount Kilimanjaro is the largest non-shield volcano in terms of both base area (245 sq mi or 635 km2) and volume (1,150 cu mi or 4,793 km3). Mount Logan is the largest non-volcanic mountain in base area (120 sq mi or 311 km2).

The highest mountains above sea level are also not those with peaks farthest from the centre of the Earth, because the figure of the Earth is not spherical. Sea level closer to the equator is several kilometres farther from the centre of the Earth. The summit of Chimborazo, Ecuador's tallest mountain, is usually considered to be the farthest point from the Earth's centre, although the southern summit of Peru's tallest mountain, Huascarán, is another contender.[6] Both have elevations above sea level more than 2 km (1.2 mi) less than that of Everest.

Geographical distribution

Almost all mountains in the list are located in the Himalaya and Karakoram ranges to the south and west of the Tibetan plateau. All peaks 7,000 m (23,000 ft) or higher are located in East, Central or South Asia in a rectangle edged by Noshaq (7,492 m or 24,580 ft) on the Afghanistan–Pakistan border in the west, Jengish Chokusu (Tuōmù'ěr Fēng, 7,439 m or 24,406 ft) on the KyrgyzstanXinjiang border to the north, Gongga Shan (Minya Konka, 7,556 m or 24,790 ft) in Sichuan to the east, and Kabru (7,412 m or 24,318 ft) on the SikkimNepal border to the south.

As of December 2018, the highest peaks on four of the mountains—Gangkhar Puensum, Labuche Kang III, Karjiang, and Tongshanjiabu, all located in Bhutan or China—have not been ascended. The most recent peak to have its first ever ascent is Saser Kangri II East, in India, on 24 August 2011.

The highest mountain outside of Asia is Aconcagua (6,961 m or 22,838 ft), the 189th highest in the world.[7]

List of world's highest peaks

Rank
[dp 1]
Mountain name(s) Height
(rounded)
[dp 2]
Prominence
(rounded)
[dp 3]
Range Coordinates
[dp 4]
Parent mountain
[dp 5]
Ascents before
2004[dp 6]
Country Photo
1st successful
m ft m ft y n
1 8,849 29,032
[dp 7]
8,849 29,032 Mahalangur Himalaya 27°59′18″N 86°55′30″E 1953 145 121
2 K2 8,611 28,251 4,020 13,190 Baltoro Karakoram 35°52′53″N 76°30′48″E Mount Everest 1954 45 44 Pakistan, China
3 Kangchenjunga 8,586 28,169 3,922 12,867 Kangchenjunga Himalaya 27°42′12″N 88°08′51″E * Mount Everest 1955 38 24
4 Lhotse 8,516 27,940 610 2,000 Mahalangur Himalaya 27°57′42″N 86°55′59″E Mount Everest 1956 26 26
5 Makalu 8,485 27,838 2,378 7,802 Mahalangur Himalaya 27°53′23″N 87°05′20″E Mount Everest 1955 45
6 Cho Oyu 8,188 26,864
[dp 8]
2,340 7,680 Mahalangur Himalaya 28°05′39″N 86°39′39″E Mount Everest 1954 79 28
7 Dhaulagiri I 8,167 26,795 3,357 11,014 Dhaulagiri Himalaya 28°41′48″N 83°29′35″E K2 1960 51 39 Nepal
8 Manaslu 8,163 26,781 3,092 10,144 Manaslu Himalaya 28°33′00″N 84°33′35″E Cho Oyu 1956 49 45 Nepal
9 Nanga Parbat 8,126 26,660 4,608 15,118 Nanga Parbat Himalaya 35°14′14″N 74°35′21″E Dhaulagiri 1953 52 67 Pakistan
10 Annapurna I 8,091 26,545 2,984 9,790 Annapurna Himalaya 28°35′44″N 83°49′13″E Cho Oyu 1950 97 88 Nepal
11 8,080 26,510 2,155 7,070 Baltoro Karakoram 35°43′28″N 76°41′47″E K2 1958 31 16 Pakistan, China
12 Broad Peak 8,051 26,414 1,701 5,581 Baltoro Karakoram 35°48′38″N 76°34′06″E Gasherbrum I 1957 39 19 Pakistan, China
13 8,035 26,362 1,524 5,000 Baltoro Karakoram 35°45′28″N 76°39′12″E Gasherbrum I 1956 54 12 Pakistan, China
14 8,027 26,335 2,897 9,505 Jugal Himalaya 28°21′12″N 85°46′43″E Cho Oyu 1964 43 19 China
15 Gyachung Kang 7,952 26,089 672 2,205 Mahalangur Himalaya 28°05′53″N 86°44′42″E Cho Oyu 1964 5 3
S 7,946 26,070 355 1,165 Baltoro Karakoram 35°45′33″N 76°38′30″E Gasherbrum II 1975 2 2 Pakistan, China
16 Annapurna II 7,937 26,040 2,437 7,995 Annapurna Himalaya 28°32′05″N 84°07′19″E Annapurna I 1960 6 19 Nepal
17 7,932 26,024 712 2,336 Baltoro Karakoram 35°45′38″N 76°36′58″E Gasherbrum III 1958 4 11 Pakistan
18 Himalchuli 7,893 25,896 1,633 5,358 Manaslu Himalaya 28°26′12″N 84°38′23″E * Manaslu 1960 6 12 Nepal
19 Distaghil Sar 7,884 25,866 2,525 8,284 Hispar Karakoram 36°19′33″N 75°11′16″E K2 1960 3 5 Pakistan
20 Ngadi Chuli 7,871 25,823 1,011 3,317 Manaslu Himalaya 28°30′12″N 84°34′00″E Manaslu 1979 1 6 Nepal
S Nuptse 7,864 25,801 305 1,001 Mahalangur Himalaya 27°58′03″N 86°53′13″E Lhotse 1961 5 12 Nepal
21 Khunyang Chhish 7,823 25,666 1,765 5,791 Hispar Karakoram 36°12′19″N 75°12′28″E * Distaghil Sar 1971 2 6 Pakistan
22 7,821 25,659 2,457 8,061 Masherbrum Karakoram 35°38′28″N 76°18′21″E Gasherbrum I 1960 4 9 Pakistan
23 Nanda Devi 7,816 25,643 3,139 10,299 Garhwal Himalaya 30°22′33″N 79°58′15″E Dhaulagiri 1936 14 12 India
24 Chomo Lonzo 7,804 25,604 590 1,940 Mahalangur Himalaya 27°55′50″N 87°06′28″E Makalu 1954 3 1 China
25 Batura Sar 7,795 25,574 3,118 10,230 Batura Karakoram 36°30′37″N 74°31′21″E Distaghil Sar 1976 4 6 Pakistan
26 Rakaposhi 7,788 25,551 2,818 9,245 Rakaposhi-Haramosh Karakoram 36°08′33″N 74°29′22″E Khunyang Chhish 1958 8 13 Pakistan
27 Namcha Barwa 7,782 25,531 4,106 13,471 Assam Himalaya 29°37′52″N 95°03′19″E Kangchenjunga 1992 1 2 China
28 Kanjut Sar 7,760 25,460 1,660 5,450 Hispar Karakoram 36°12′20″N 75°25′01″E Khunyang Chhish 1959 2 1 Pakistan
29 Kamet 7,756 25,446 2,825 9,268 Garhwal Himalaya 30°55′12″N 79°35′30″E * Nanda Devi 1931 23 14 India
30 Dhaulagiri II 7,751 25,430 2,397 7,864 Dhaulagiri Himalaya 28°45′46″N 83°23′18″E Dhaulagiri 1971 4 11 Nepal
31 7,742 25,400 2,160 7,090 Saltoro Karakoram 35°23′57″N 76°50′53″E * Gasherbrum I 1962 2 1 Pakistan, India
32 7,711 25,299 1,036 3,399 Kangchenjunga Himalaya 27°40′56″N 88°02′40″E * Kangchenjunga 1962 17 12 Nepal
33 Tirich Mir 7,708 25,289 3,910 12,830 Hindu Kush 36°15′19″N 71°50′30″E * Batura Sar 1950 20 11 Pakistan
S Molamenqing 7,703 25,272 433 1,421 Langtang Himalaya 28°21′18″N 85°48′35″E Shishapangma 1981 1 0 China
34 Gurla Mandhata 7,694 25,243 2,788 9,147 Nalakankar Himalaya 30°26′19″N 81°17′48″E Dhaulagiri 1985 6 4 China
35 7,672 25,171 2,304 7,559 Saser Karakoram 34°52′00″N 77°45′09″E Gasherbrum I 1973 6 4 India
36 Chogolisa 7,665 25,148 1,624 5,328 Masherbrum Karakoram 35°36′47″N 76°34′29″E Gasherbrum I 1975 4 2 Pakistan
S Dhaulagiri IV 7,661 25,135 469 1,539 Dhaulagiri Himalaya 28°44′09″N 83°18′55″E Dhaulagiri II 1975 2 10 Nepal
37 Kongur Tagh 7,649 25,095 3,585 11,762 Kongur Shan (Eastern Pamirs) 38°35′36″N 75°18′48″E Distaghil Sar 1981 2 4 China
S Dhaulagiri V 7,618 24,993 340 1,120 Dhaulagiri Himalaya 28°44′02″N 83°21′41″E * Dhaulagiri IV 1975 2 3 Nepal
38 Shispare 7,611 24,970 1,240 4,070 Batura Karakoram 36°26′26″N 74°40′51″E Batura Sar 1974 3 1 Pakistan
39 Trivor 7,577 24,859 997 3,271 Hispar Karakoram 36°17′15″N 75°05′06″E * Distaghil Sar 1960 2 5 Pakistan
40 Gangkhar Puensum 7,570 24,840 2,995 9,826 Kula Kangri Himalaya 28°02′50″N 90°27′19″E * Kangchenjunga none 0 3
41 7,556 24,790 3,642 11,949 Daxue Mountains (Hengduan Shan) 29°35′43″N 101°52′47″E Mount Everest 1932 6 7 China
42 Annapurna III 7,555 24,787 703 2,306 Annapurna Himalaya 28°35′06″N 83°59′24″E Annapurna I 1961 10 17 Nepal
43 Skyang Kangri 7,545 24,754 1,085 3,560 Baltoro Karakoram 35°55′35″N 76°34′03″E K2 1976 1 2 Pakistan, China
44 Changtse 7,543 24,747
[dp 9]
514 1,686 Mahalangur Himalaya 28°01′29″N 86°54′51″E Mount Everest 1982 9 9 China
45 Kula Kangri 7,538 24,731 1,654 5,427 Kula Kangri Himalaya 28°13′37″N 90°36′59″E Gangkhar Puensum 1986 3 2 [dp 10]
46 Kongur Tiube 7,530 24,700 840 2,760 Kongur Shan (Eastern Pamirs) 38°36′57″N 75°11′45″E Kongur Tagh 1956 2 3 China
S Annapurna IV 7,525 24,688 255 837 Annapurna Himalaya 28°32′15″N 84°4′58″E Annapurna 1955 43 18 Nepal
47 Mamostong Kangri 7,516 24,659 1,803 5,915 Rimo Karakoram 35°08′31″N 77°34′39″E Gasherbrum I 1984 5 0 India
48 Saser Kangri II E 7,513 24,649 1,458 4,783 Saser Karakoram 34°48′17″N 77°48′24″E Saser Kangri I 2011 0 0
[dp 11]
India
49 Muztagh Ata 7,509 24,636 2,698 8,852 Muztagata (Eastern Pamirs) 38°16′33″N 75°06′58″E Kongur Tagh 1956 many China
50 Ismoil Somoni Peak 7,495 24,590 3,402 11,161 Pamir (Academy of Sciences Range) 38°56′35″N 72°00′57″E Muztagh Ata 1933 Tajikistan
51 Saser Kangri III 7,495 24,590 835 2,740 Saser Karakoram 34°50′44″N 77°47′06″E Saser Kangri I 1986 1 0 India'[dp 12]
52 Noshaq 7,492 24,580 2,024 6,640 Hindu Kush 36°25′56″N 71°49′43″E Tirich Mir 1960 33 3
53 Pumari Chhish 7,492 24,580 884 2,900 Hispar Karakoram 36°12′41″N 75°15′01″E Khunyang Chhish 1979 1 2 Pakistan
54 Passu Sar 7,476 24,528 647 2,123 Batura Karakoram 36°29′16″N 74°35′16″E Batura Sar 1994 1 0 Pakistan
55 Yukshin Gardan Sar 7,469 24,505 1,374 4,508 Hispar Karakoram 36°15′04″N 75°22′29″E Pumari Chhish 1984 4 1 Pakistan
56 Teram Kangri I 7,462 24,482 1,703 5,587 Siachen Karakoram 35°34′48″N 77°04′42″E Gasherbrum I 1975 2 0 [dp 13][dp 14]'[dp 12]
57 Jongsong Peak 7,462 24,482 1,298 4,259 Kangchenjunga Himalaya 27°52′54″N 88°08′09″E Kangchenjunga 1930 2 3
58 Malubiting 7,458 24,469 2,193 7,195 Rakaposhi-Haramosh Karakoram 36°00′12″N 74°52′31″E Rakaposhi 1971 2 6 Pakistan
59 Gangapurna 7,455 24,459 563 1,847 Annapurna Himalaya 28°36′18″N 83°57′49″E Annapurna III 1965 8 13 Nepal
60 7,439 24,406 4,148 13,609 Tian Shan 42°02′05″N 80°07′47″E Ismail Samani Peak 1956
S 7,434 24,390 229 751 Garhwal Himalaya 30°22′00″N 79°59′40″E Nanda Devi 1939 14 12 India
61 K12 7,428 24,370 1,978 6,490 Saltoro Karakoram 35°17′45″N 77°01′20″E Saltoro Kangri 1974 4 2
62 7,422 24,350 2,352 7,717 Ganesh Himalaya 28°23′29″N 85°07′38″E Shishapangma 1955 1 6
63 Sia Kangri 7,422 24,350 642 2,106 Siachen Karakoram 35°39′48″N 76°45′42″E Gasherbrum I 1934 6 0
64 Momhil Sar 7,414 24,324 907 2,976 Hispar Karakoram 36°19′04″N 75°02′11″E * Trivor 1964 2 6 Pakistan
65 Kabru N 7,412 24,318 720 2,360 Kangchenjunga Himalaya 27°38′02″N 88°07′00″E Kangchenjunga 1994 1 2
[17]
66 Skil Brum 7,410 24,310 1,152 3,780 Baltoro Karakoram 35°51′03″N 76°25′43″E K2 1957 2 1 Pakistan
67 Haramosh Peak 7,409 24,308 2,277 7,470 Rakaposhi-Haramosh Karakoram 35°50′24″N 74°53′51″E Malubiting 1958 4 3 Pakistan
68 Istor-o-Nal 7,403 24,288 1,043 3,422 Hindu Kush 36°22′32″N 71°53′54″E Noshaq 1969 4 5 Pakistan
69 Ghent Kangri 7,401 24,281 1,493 4,898 Saltoro Karakoram 35°31′04″N 76°48′02″E Saltoro Kangri 1961 4 0
70 Ultar 7,388 24,239 688 2,257 Batura Karakoram 36°23′27″N 74°43′00″E Shispare 1996 2 5 Pakistan
71 Rimo I 7,385 24,229 1,428 4,685 Rimo Karakoram 35°21′18″N 77°22′08″E Teram Kangri I 1988 1 3 India
72 Churen Himal 7,385 24,229 650 2,130 Dhaulagiri Himalaya 28°44′05″N 83°13′03″E Dhaulagiri IV 1970 3 0 Nepal
73 Teram Kangri III 7,382 24,219 520 1,710 Siachen Karakoram 35°35′59″N 77°02′53″E Teram Kangri I 1979 1 0 [dp 13][dp 14]'[dp 12]
74 Sherpi Kangri 7,380 24,210 1,320 4,330 Saltoro Karakoram 35°27′58″N 76°46′53″E * Ghent Kangri 1976 1 1
75 Labuche Kang 7,367 24,170 1,957 6,421 Labuche Himalaya 28°18′15″N 86°21′03″E Cho Oyu 1987 1 0 China
76 Kirat Chuli 7,362 24,154 1,168 3,832 Kangchenjunga Himalaya 27°47′16″N 88°11′43″E Kangchenjunga 1939 1 6
S Abi Gamin 7,355 24,131 217 712 Garhwal Himalaya 30°55′57″N 79°36′09″E Kamet 1950 17 2
S 7,350 24,110 432 1,417 Kangchenjunga Himalaya 27°44′27″N 88°09′31″E Kangchenjunga 1994 3 1
S Nangpai Gosum 7,350 24,110 427 1,401 Mahalangur Himalaya 28°04′24″N 86°36′51″E Cho Oyu 1986 1
[18]
77 Saraghrar 7,349 24,111 1,979 6,493 Hindu Kush 36°32′51″N 72°06′54″E Noshaq 1959 2 3 Pakistan
S Talung 7,349 24,111 366 1,201 Kangchenjunga Himalaya 27°39′18″N 88°07′51″E * Kabru 1964 3 4
[19]
78 7,326 24,035 2,341 7,680 Jomolhari Himalaya 27°49′36″N 89°16′04″E * Gangkhar Puensum 1937 4 0
79 Chamlang 7,321 24,019 1,241 4,072 Mahalangur Himalaya 27°46′30″N 86°58′47″E Lhotse 1961 7 1 Nepal
80 Chongtar 7,315 23,999 1,295 4,249 Baltoro Karakoram 35°54′55″N 76°25′45″E Skil Brum 1994 1 1 China[dp 13]
81 Baltoro Kangri 7,312 23,990 1,140 3,740 Masherbrum Karakoram 35°38′21″N 76°40′24″E Chogolisa 1963 1 0 Pakistan
82 Siguang Ri 7,309 23,980 669 2,195 Mahalangur Himalaya 28°08′50″N 86°41′06″E Cho Oyu 1989 2 1 China
83 7,295 23,934 1,919 6,296 Yengisogat Karakoram 36°06′24″N 76°12′21″E Skil Brum (K2) 1993 1 5 China[dp 13]
84 Gyala Peri 7,294 23,930 2,942 9,652 Assam Himalaya 29°48′52″N 94°58′07″E Mount Everest 1986 1 0 China
85 Porong Ri 7,292 23,924 512 1,680 Langtang Himalaya 28°23′22″N 85°43′12″E Shishapangma 1982 5 0 China
86 7,285 23,901 1,891 6,204 Panmah Karakoram 35°56′51″N 75°45′12″E * Kanjut Sar 1977 3 13 Pakistan
87 Yutmaru Sar 7,283 23,894 680 2,230 Hispar Karakoram 36°13′35″N 75°22′02″E Yukshin Gardan Sar 1980 1 1 Pakistan
88
  • K6
  • Baltistan Peak
7,282 23,891 1,962 6,437 Masherbrum Karakoram 35°25′06″N 76°33′06″E Chogolisa 1970 1 3 Pakistan
89 7,281 23,888 1,345 4,413 Baiku Himalaya 28°33′03″N 85°32′44″E Shishapangma 1982 1 1 China
90 Muztagh Tower 7,276 23,871 1,710 5,610 Baltoro Karakoram 35°49′40″N 76°21′40″E Skil Brum 1956 4 2
91 Mana Peak 7,272 23,858 732 2,402 Garhwal Himalaya 30°52′50″N 79°36′55″E Kamet 1937 7 3 India
S Dhaulagiri VI 7,268 23,845 488 1,601 Dhaulagiri Himalaya 28°42′31″N 83°16′27″E Dhaulagiri IV 1970 5 0 Nepal
92 Diran 7,266 23,839 1,329 4,360 Rakaposhi-Haramosh Karakoram 36°07′13″N 74°39′42″E Malubiting 1968 12 8 Pakistan
93 7,250 23,790
[dp 15]
570 1,870 Labuche Himalaya 28°18′05″N 86°23′02″E Labuche Himilaya none 0 0 China
94 Putha Hiunchuli 7,246 23,773 1,151 3,776 Dhaulagiri Himalaya 28°44′52″N 83°08′46″E Churen Himal 1954 11 5 Nepal
95 Apsarasas Kangri 7,245 23,770 607 1,991 Siachen Karakoram 35°32′19″N 77°08′55″E Teram Kangri I 1976 2 0 [dp 13][dp 14]'[dp 12]
96 Mukut Parbat 7,242 23,760 683 2,241 Garhwal Himalaya 30°56′57″N 79°34′12″E Kamet 1951 2 1
97 Rimo III 7,233 23,730 613 2,011 Rimo Karakoram 35°22′31″N 77°21′42″E Rimo I 1985 1 0 India[dp 16]'[dp 12]
98 Langtang Lirung 7,227 23,711 1,534 5,033 Langtang Himalaya 28°15′22″N 85°31′01″E Shishapangma 1978 14 13 Nepal
99 Karjiang 7,221 23,691 895 2,936 Kula Kangri Himalaya 28°15′27″N 90°38′49″E Kula Kangri none 0 2 China
100 Annapurna Dakshin (Annapurna South) 7,219 23,684 769 2,523 Annapurna Himalaya 28°31′06″N 83°48′22″E Annapurna 1964 10 16 Nepal
101 Khartaphu 7,213 23,665 712 2,336 Mahalangur Himalaya 28°03′49″N 86°58′39″E Mount Everest 1935 1 0 China
102 Tongshanjiabu[20] 7,207 23,645 1,757 5,764 Lunana Himalaya 28°11′12″N 89°57′27″E Gangkhar Puensum none 0 0 [dp 17]
103 Malangutti Sar 7,207 23,645 507 1,663 Hispar Karakoram 36°21′47″N 75°08′57″E Distaghil Sar 1985 1 0 Pakistan[dp 18]
104 7,206 23,642 2,160 7,090 Nagarze Himalaya 28°56′48″N 90°10′42″E Gangkhar Puensum 1986 4 1 China
105 Langtang Ri 7,205 23,638 665 2,182 Langtang Himalaya 28°22′53″N 85°41′01″E Shishapangma 1981 4 0
106 7,204 23,635 1,244 4,081 Lunana Himalaya 28°09′24″N 90°04′15″E Tongshanjiabu 2002 1 0
[21]
107 Singhi Kangri 7,202 23,629 730 2,400 Siachen Karakoram 35°35′59″N 76°59′01″E Teram Kangri III 1976 2 0 [dp 13][dp 14]'[dp 12]
108 Lupghar Sar 7,200 23,600 730 2,400 Hispar Karakoram 36°21′01″N 75°02′13″E * Momhil Sar 1979 1 0 Pakistan[dp 18]

Data plots

By country

The following graph ranks the countries by number of mountain peaks over 7,200 metres (23,622 ft) above sea level. 38 peaks are on de facto borders and two (Jongsong Peak and Sia Kangri) are on tripoints.

Stem and leaf plot

The following is a stem and leaf plot of the above data. The two digits to the left of the line are the first two digits of the mountain's height (metres), and each digit to the right of the line represents the third digit of the mountain's height. Each number on the right is linked to the corresponding mountain's article. For example, the height of one of the mountains (namely Mount Everest) is 8,848 metres (29,029 ft). Also, it is apparent that there are four mountains above 8,500 metres (27,900 ft).

88 | 4
87 |
86 | 1
85 | 8 1
84 | 8
83 |
82 |
81 | 8 6 6 2
80 | 9 8 5 3 2
79 | 5 4 3 3
78 | 9 8 7 6 2 2 1 0
77 | 9 9 8 8 5 5 4 1 0 0
76 | 9 7 6 6 4 1 1
75 | 7 7 5 5 4 4 4 3 3 1 1
74 | 9 9 9 9 7 6 6 6 5 5 3 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 0 0 0
73 | 8 8 8 8 8 6 6 5 5 5 4 2 1 1 1 0
72 | 9 9 9 8 8 8 8 7 7 6 6 5 4 4 4 3 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

See also

Notes

  1. Peaks which are considered sub-prominences are given a rank of "S".
  2. For Nepal, the heights indicated on the Nepal Topographic Maps are followed. For China and the Baltoro Karakoram, the heights are those of Mi Desheng's "The Maps of Snow Mountains in China". For the Hispar Karakoram the heights on a Russian 1:100,000 topo map.[8] seem to be more accurate than the customarily quoted heights probably based on US army maps from the 50s.[9] Elsewhere, unless otherwise indicated, heights are those in [10]
  3. Prominences over 1,500 m were copied from,[11] the remainder corresponds to those listed in [12]
  4. Coordinates were established by comparing topographical maps with satellite images and SRTM-derived terrain maps. The terrain maps and satellite images often do not match exactly. An asterisk (*) indicates that the map and image are shifted by more than 100 m (4") and/or that the landscapes around the summit do not match.
  5. Here defined as the first higher mountain beyond the key saddle with at least 500 m prominence itself.
  6. The number of ascents and failed attempts up to 2004 is extracted from [13] These are the number of expeditions (not individuals) that announced their ascent or attempt in a journal. They are probably quite accurate for the rarely climbed peaks (though omissions were noted), but greatly underestimate the number of ascending parties on the easier and/or more popular mountains, like most eight-thousanders. For instance, Mount Everest has been scaled 2,251 times by individuals up to 2004 .[14]
  7. Given the large differences between multiple "definitive" measurements of Mount Everest, the traditional 8,848 m is listed. For more information, see Mount Everest#Surveys.
  8. Cho Oyu's height is 8,188 m according to the Nepal Survey's 1996 topographical map,[15] which represents the best known measurement to date. Previous estimates have been 8,153 m and 8,201 m
  9. The 1998 1:50,000 National Geographic map of Mount Everest has a height of 7,583 m for "Bei Peak" and 7,066 m for Bei'ao (North Col), giving a 517 m prominence. Mi Desheng's 1997 1:100,000 map of the Everest region has a 7,543 summit and a 7,042 m indication near the col, not quite corresponding to the lowest pass. His 1975 1:50,000 version (in Chinese only) has Changtse at 7,580 and North Col at 7,028. All maps agree that the eastern summit is the highest.
  10. Wholly claimed by China as a part of its Tibet Autonomous Region; on the border with Bhutan according to Bhutan
  11. The highest (Eastern) summit of Saser Kangri II was climbed on August 24th, 2011.[16] The lower West peak, 2.5 km away, has been climbed in 1984 and twice since.
  12. In India's disputed Ladakh region, claimed by Pakistan.
  13. In the Trans-Karakoram or Shaksgam Tract, ceded by Pakistan from its disputed Gilgit-Baltistan region to China's Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, claimed by India as a part of its Ladakh union territory.
  14. On the border of the Siachen Glacier area, which is controlled by India, but is also claimed by Pakistan.
  15. The height is unknown, but over 7,200 metres on both Chinese and Russian maps of the area.
  16. The Rimo mountains are in the Siachen Glacier region controlled by India, but claimed by Pakistan
  17. Wholly claimed by Bhutan, but on the border of the Tibet Autonomous Region according to China.
  18. In Pakistan's disputed Gilgit-Baltistan region.

References

  1. "Denali, AK, Not Everest, is the Tallest Mountain on Land in the World". SnowBrains. 15 August 2022. Retrieved 29 December 2022.
  2. sutikshan (20 October 2020). "Mount Kilimanjaro The largest free standing mountain in the world, Take a geotourism around the African wonder". thejerker.com. Retrieved 29 December 2022.
  3. "Tallest mountain face". Guinness World Records. 2 December 2004. Retrieved 29 December 2022.
  4. McMahon, Mary (January 23, 2021). "How do Scientists Determine the World's Tallest Mountain?". Info Bloom. Retrieved March 13, 2021.
  5. Fichtl, Marcus (August 31, 2017). "Guam's Mount Lamlam technically world's tallest mountain, though most of it is underwater". Stars and Stripes. Retrieved March 13, 2021.
  6. Krulwich, Robert (April 7, 2007). "The 'Highest' Spot on Earth?". NPR. Retrieved 21 March 2009.
  7. "Mount Aconcagua". worldatlas.org. 13 July 2021. Retrieved August 17, 2021.
  8. "Hispar area: expedition reports and maps". Archived from the original on 2008-04-27. Retrieved 2008-07-15.
  9. "Some Frequently Misquoted Elevations". viewfinderpanoramas.org. Retrieved 2021-07-26.
  10. Neate 1990.
  11. "The Ultra Project Prominence Lists". Peakfinder. Archived from the original on 2018-11-05.
  12. Jurgalski, Eberhard; de Ferranti, Jonathan (2009-05-01). "High Asia - All mountains and main peaks above 6650 m".
  13. "Alpine Club Himalayan Index".
  14. "Summits and Deaths by year". Everesthistory.com.
  15. H8615 (Map). Nepal Survey.
  16. "First Ascent of Saser Kangri II". American Alpine Club. Archived from the original on 2011-09-30.
  17. Abbey, Major A. (1996). "Kabru - Mountain of the Gods". Himalayan Journal. 52: 29–36.
    In this report the northern and highest point of the massif is called Kabru III (first ascent May 1994) and the central, median height peak is called Kabru North. The latter may have been climbed as early as 1883.
  18. Yashima, Hiroshi (1988). "Cho Aui Expedition 1986". Himalayan Journal. 44.
  19. Hechtel, Richard (1965). "Talung Peak". AAJ.
    The Himalayan index has the 1964 expedition as an attempt, but Franz Lindner and Tenzing Nindra did claim the summit.
  20. The name and information about this summit was extracted from the May 2003 edition of Japanese Alpine News.
  21. Nakamura, Tamotsu (2002). "First Ascent of Shimokangri on Tibet-Bhutan border" (PDF). Man and Mountain: 41–44.

Sources

  • Desheng, Mi (1990s). The Maps of Snow Mountains in China. Chinese Academy of Sciences.
  • Finnish Meteorological Inst. (1990s). Nepal Topographic Maps. Nepalese Survey Dept.
  • "High Mountain Info". High Mountain Sports Magazine (now Climb Magazine). (1990–2005).
  • Neate, Jill (1990). High Asia: An Illustrated History of the 7,000 Metre Peaks. Mountaineers Books.
  • Some other topographic maps and much from the external links listed above
  • Soviet military 1:100,000 topographic maps (most from 1980 to 1981)
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