Hindustani kinship terms

The kinship terms of Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu) differ from the English system in certain respects.[1] In the Hindustani system, kin terms are based on gender,[2] and the difference between some terms is the degree of respect.[3] Moreover, "In Hindi and Urdu kinship terms there is clear distinction between the blood relations and affinal relations."[4]

Network diagram for North Indian extended family

Relations

Paternal

Pardādā (परदादा, پردادا) - One's father's father's father (One's paternal great-grandfather)

Pardādī (परदादी, پردادی) - One's father's father's mother (One's paternal great-grandmother)

Dādā (दादा, دادا) - One's father's father (One's paternal grandfather), One's uncle (usually elder brother of father)

Dādī (दादी, دادی) - One's father's mother (One's paternal grandmother)

Pāpā (पापा, پاپا) - One's father

Pitājī (पिताजी, پتاجی) - One's father (used mainly by the Hindu community)

Abbā/Bābā (अब्बा/बाबा, بابا/ابا) - One's father (used mainly by the Muslim community)

Kākā (काका, کاکا) - One's father's younger brother

Kākī (काकी, کاکی) One's father's younger brother's wife (by marriage)

Chāchā (चाचा, چاچا) - One's father's younger brother[5][6][7]

Chachā (चचा, چچا) - One's father's younger brother[8][9]

Chāchī (चाची, چاچی) - One's father's brother's wife

Tāu (ताऊ, تاُّو) - One's father's elder brother

Tāyā (ताया, تایا) - One's father's elder brother

Barka Abba - One's father's elder brother (used mainly by the Muslim community)

Baṛe Pāpā (बड़े पापा, بڑے پاپا) - One's father's elder brother

Tāī (ताई, تائی) - One's father's elder brother's wife

Baṛī Mām̐ (बड़ी माँ, بڑی ماں) - One's father's elder brother's wife

Buā (बुआ, بوا) - One's father's sister

Phuphī (फूफी, پھپی) - One's father's sister

Phuphā (फूफा, پھوپا) - One's father's sister's husband

Maternal

Parnana (परनाना, پرنانا) - One's mother's father's father

Parnani (परनानी, پرنانی) - One's mother's father's mother

Nana (नाना, نانا) - One's mother's father

Nani (नानी, نانی) - One's mother's mother

Ma/Amma/Ammi (माँ/अंबा/माताश्री/मातृ, ماں) - One's mother

Mausi/Mausiya (मौसी, موسی) - One's mother's sister (used mainly by the Hindu community)

Khala/Barki Amma - One's mother's elder sister (used by the Muslim community)

Mausa (मौसा, موسا) - One's mother's sister's husband (used mainly by the Hindu community)

Mama (मामा, ماما) - One's mother's brother

Mami (मामी, مامی) - One's mother's brother's wife

Siblings

Bhai (भाई, بھائی) / Bhaiya (भैया, بھئيا) - One's parent's (share at least one parent) son (your Brother, male sibling)[10]

Behen (बहन, بہیں) - One's parent's (share at least one parent) daughter (your younger Sister, female sibling)

Didi (दीदी, دیدی) - One's parent's (share at least one parent) daughter (your elder Sister, female sibling)

Brother's family

Bhabhi (भाबी, بھابی) - Brother's wife (usually applied for an elder brother's wife)

Bhatija (भतीजा,بھتیجا) - One's brother's son

Bhatiji (भतीजी, بھتیجی) - One's brother's daughter

Sister's family

Jija (जीजा, جیجا) - Sister's husband (usually applied for an elder sister's husband)

Bhanja (भांजा, بھانجا) - One's sister's son

Bhanji (भांजी, بھانجی) - One's sister's daughter

Individual's family

Main (मैं, میں) - First form ('I')

Patni (पत्नी, پتنی) - One's wife[11] (used mainly by the Hindu community)

Biwi (बीवी, بیوی) - One's wife

Pati (पति, پتی) - One's husband (used mainly by the Hindu community)

Khavind (ख़ाविंद, خاوند) - One's husband (used mainly by the Muslim community)

Beta (बेटा, بیٹا) - One's son

Beti (बेटी, بیٹی) - One's daughter

Pota (पोता/परपुत्र, پوتا) - Son's son

Poti (पोती/परपुत्री, پوتی) - Son's daughter

Naati/Dohtaa (नाती/दोहता/परपुत्र) - Daughter's son (used mainly by the Hindu community)

Naatin/Dohtii (नातिन/दोहती/परपुत्री) - Daughter's daughter (used mainly by the Hindu community)

Nawaasa (نواسہ नवासा) - Daughter's son (used mainly by the Muslim community)

Nawaasi (نواسی नवासी) - Daughter's daughter (used mainly by the Muslim community)

In-Laws

Sasur (ससुर, سسُر) - One's husband's/wife's father (Father-in-Law)

Sas (सास, ساس) - One's husband's/Wife's mother (Mother-in-Law)

Damad (दामाद) - One's son-in-law

Bahu (बहू,بہو) - One's daughter-in-law

References

Shapiro, Michael C.; Schiffman, Harold F. (1981). Language and Society in South Asia. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. p. 229. ISBN 9788120826076. Southworth and Dawsanigo on in their discussion of theoretical properties of kinship systems to show that while the English kinship system differs from both the Hindi-Urdu system and the Tamil one, the latter two systems also differ from each other.
Southworth, Franklin C.; Daswani, Chander J. (1974). Foundations of linguistics. Free Press. p. 190. ISBN 9780029303009. In this case, EGO can be of either sex (though in some kinship systems, such as that of Hindi-Urdu, the sex of EGO affects the choice of terms for certain relatives).
Hansen, Gyde; Malmkjær, Kirsten; Gile, Daniel (1 January 2004). Claims, Changes and Challenges in Translation Studies: Selected Contributions from the EST Congress, Copenhagen 2001. John Benjamins Publishing. p. 276. ISBN 9789027216564. Kinship terms are also used for respect (e.g. 'older sister' for a woman one's own age or slightly older and the ubiquitous 'auntie' or 'uncle' in both Hindi/Urdu and English, especially but not exclusively used by children).
Trivedi, Govind Mohan (1983). Socio-linguistic study in an Andhra village. Anthropological Survey of India, Govt. of India. p. 89.
John Thompson Platts (1884). "A Dictionary of Urdu, Classical Hindi, and English". Digital South Asia Library. Retrieved 8 March 2020. چاچا चाचा ćāćā (p. 416) H چاچا चाचा ćāćā [S. तात or तात्य+कः], s.m. A paternal uncle (see ćaććā or ćaćā, the more com. forms).
"Meaning of چاچا". Rekhta. Retrieved 8 March 2020. PLATTS DICTIONARY: چاچا चाचा ćāćā H چاچا चाचा ćāćā [S. तात or तात्य+कः], s.m. A paternal uncle (see ćaććā or ćaćā, the more com. forms).
John Shakespear (1817). A Dictionary, Hindūstānī and English. p. 300. H. چاچا chāchā, s.m. Paternal uncle. See چچا.
John Thompson Platts (1884). "A Dictionary of Urdu, Classical Hindi, and English". Digital South Asia Library. Retrieved 8 March 2020. 1) چچا चचा ćaćā (p. 427) H چچا चचा ćaćā, चच्चा ćaććā [S. तात्य+कः; cf. ćaćā], s.m. Paternal uncle, father's (younger) brother; — a superior; a knowing or astute fellow: — ćaćā banānā, v.t. To give (one) a beating, to castigate: — ćaćā-zād bhāʼī, s.m. A cousin, a father's younger brother's son.
Bate, John Drew (1875). A dictionary of the Hindee language. Lazarus. p. 193. चचा, m. a paternal uncle (father's brother).
Shabdosh brother
Shabdosh wife

External links

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[1] Shapiro, Michael C.; Schiffman, Harold F. (1981). Language and Society in South Asia. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. p. 229. ISBN 9788120826076. Southworth and Dawsanigo on in their discussion of theoretical properties of kinship systems to show that while the English kinship system differs from both the Hindi-Urdu system and the Tamil one, the latter two systems also differ from each other.

[SouthworthDaswani1974-2] Southworth, Franklin C.; Daswani, Chander J. (1974). Foundations of linguistics. Free Press. p. 190. ISBN 9780029303009. In this case, EGO can be of either sex (though in some kinship systems, such as that of Hindi-Urdu, the sex of EGO affects the choice of terms for certain relatives).

[HansenMalmkjær2004-3] Hansen, Gyde; Malmkjær, Kirsten; Gile, Daniel (1 January 2004). Claims, Changes and Challenges in Translation Studies: Selected Contributions from the EST Congress, Copenhagen 2001. John Benjamins Publishing. p. 276. ISBN 9789027216564. Kinship terms are also used for respect (e.g. 'older sister' for a woman one's own age or slightly older and the ubiquitous 'auntie' or 'uncle' in both Hindi/Urdu and English, especially but not exclusively used by children).

[Trivedi1983-4] Trivedi, Govind Mohan (1983). Socio-linguistic study in an Andhra village. Anthropological Survey of India, Govt. of India. p. 89.

[Platts2020-5] John Thompson Platts (1884). "A Dictionary of Urdu, Classical Hindi, and English". Digital South Asia Library. Retrieved 8 March 2020. چاچا चाचा ćāćā (p. 416) H چاچا चाचा ćāćā [S. तात or तात्य+कः], s.m. A paternal uncle (see ćaććā or ćaćā, the more com. forms).

[Rekhta2020-6] "Meaning of چاچا". Rekhta. Retrieved 8 March 2020. PLATTS DICTIONARY: چاچا चाचा ćāćā H چاچا चाचा ćāćā [S. तात or तात्य+कः], s.m. A paternal uncle (see ćaććā or ćaćā, the more com. forms).

[Shakespear1817-7] John Shakespear (1817). A Dictionary, Hindūstānī and English. p. 300. H. چاچا chāchā, s.m. Paternal uncle. See چچا.

[Platts-8] John Thompson Platts (1884). "A Dictionary of Urdu, Classical Hindi, and English". Digital South Asia Library. Retrieved 8 March 2020. 1) چچا चचा ćaćā (p. 427) H چچا चचा ćaćā, चच्चा ćaććā [S. तात्य+कः; cf. ćaćā], s.m. Paternal uncle, father's (younger) brother; — a superior; a knowing or astute fellow: — ćaćā banānā, v.t. To give (one) a beating, to castigate: — ćaćā-zād bhāʼī, s.m. A cousin, a father's younger brother's son.

[Bate1875-9] Bate, John Drew (1875). A dictionary of the Hindee language. Lazarus. p. 193. चचा, m. a paternal uncle (father's brother).

[10] Shabdosh brother

[11] Shabdosh wife