Mooneye

Hiodontidae, commonly called mooneyes, is a family of ray-finned fish with a single included genus Hiodon. The genus comprise two living species native to North America and three to five extinct[1] species recorded from Paleocene to Eocene age fossils. They are large-eyed, fork-tailed fish that superficially resemble shads. The vernacular name comes from the metallic shine of their eyes.

Mooneye
Temporal range: Ypresian - Recent
Hiodon tergisus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Hiodontiformes
Family: Hiodontidae
Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846
Genus: Hiodon
Lesueur, 1818
Species
Synonyms
  • Amphiodon Rafinesque, 1819
  • Clodalus Rafinesque, 1820
  • Elattonistius Gill & Jordan, 1877
  • †Eohiodon Cavender, 1966
  • Glossodon Rafinesque, 1818

The higher classification of the mooneyes is not yet fully established. Some sources have place them in their own order, Hiodontiformes, while others retain them in the order Osteoglossiformes.

Species

The goldeye, Hiodon alosoides, is widespread across eastern North America, and is notable for a conspicuous golden iris in the eyes. It prefers turbid slower-moving waters of lakes and rivers, where it feeds on a wide variety of organisms including insects, crustaceans, small fish, and mollusks. The fish has been reported up to 52 centimetres (20 in) in length.

  • †Hiodon consteniorum Li & Wilson, 1994
  • †Hiodon falcatus (Grande, 1979)
  • †Hiodon rosei (Hussakof, 1916)
  • Hiodon tergisus Lesueur, 1818

The mooneye, Hiodon tergisus, is also widespread across eastern North America, living in the clear waters of lakes, ponds, and rivers. It consumes aquatic invertebrates, insects, and fish. Mooneyes can reach 47 centimetres (19 in) in length.

An Early Eocene, Ypresian to Late Eocene, Lutetian species. Hiodon woodruffi was described from fossils found in the Klondike Mountain Formation, Washington and Horsefly shale, British Columbia. Further finds have increased the known paleogeographic range to include the Kishenehn Formation of northwestern Montana.

  • ?†Hiodon shuyangensis Shen, 1989

References
  1. Hilton, E. J.; Grande, L. (2008). "Fossil Mooneyes (Teleostei: Hiodontiformes, Hiodontidae) from the Eocene of western North America, with a reassessment of their taxonomy". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 295: 221–251. doi:10.1144/sp295.13.
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