Horwennefer

Horwennefer
Horwennefer
Pharaoh
	Ruler of Upper Egypt
Reign	205–197 BC
Successor	Ankhwennefer
	Royal titulary
Children	Ankhwennefer?
Died	before 197 BC

Horwennefer (Ancient Egyptian: ḥr-wnn-nfr "Horus-Onnophris"; Ancient Greek: Άροννώφρις Haronnṓphris) was an Upper Egyptian who led Upper Egypt in secession from the rule of Ptolemy IV Philopator in 205 BC. No monuments are attested to this king but along with his successor Ankhwennefer (also known as Chaonnophris or Ankhmakis[1]) he held a large part of Egypt until 186 BC. A graffito dating to about 201 BC on a wall of the mortuary Temple of Seti I at Abydos, in which his name is written Ὑργοναφορ (Hyrgonaphor), is an attestation to the extent of his influence.[1] He appears to have died before 197 BC.

The Abydene graffito, one of the few documents remaining from his reign, is written in Egyptian using Greek letters, the oldest testimony of a development which would end in the Coptic script replacing the native Egyptian demotic.[2]

References

Günther Hölbl, History of the Ptolemaic Empire, Routledge, 2000, pp. 155ff.
"Willy Clarysse (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven), The Great Revolt of the Egyptians, Lecture held at the Center for the Tebtunis Papyri, University of California at Berkeley, on March 16, 2004, accessed 15 August 2006". Archived from the original on 11 March 2007. Retrieved 15 August 2006.

Bibliography

The Jews of Egypt: From Rameses II to Emperor Hadrian by Joseph Mélèze-Modrzejewski, Princeton University Press 1997, p. 150

In popular culture

A war elephant named Herwennefer can be found in the 2017 action-adventure video game, Assassin's Creed: Origins

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[Holbl-1] Günther Hölbl, History of the Ptolemaic Empire, Routledge, 2000, pp. 155ff.

[2] "Willy Clarysse (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven), The Great Revolt of the Egyptians, Lecture held at the Center for the Tebtunis Papyri, University of California at Berkeley, on March 16, 2004, accessed 15 August 2006". Archived from the original on 11 March 2007. Retrieved 15 August 2006.