Hovenia acerba

Hovenia acerba
	At the Kunming Institute of Botany
	Leaves at Hackfalls Arboretum
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Rosales
Family:	Rhamnaceae
Genus:	Hovenia
Species:	H. acerba
Binomial name
	Hovenia acerba; Lindl.
Synonyms[2]
	Hovenia dulcis var. acerba (Lindl.) Sengupta & Safui

Hovenia acerba is a species of flowering plant in the raisin tree genus Hovenia (family Rhamnaceae), native to temperate areas of Nepal, the eastern Himalayas, Assam, Myanmar, northern Thailand, Tibet, and central and southern China.[2] A tree reaching 25 m (82 ft), it is found at elevations up to 2,100 m (6,900 ft), in wooded and open areas, forest edges, and slopes, and it is frequently cultivated locally.[3]

Like Hovenia dulcis it is a source of a fine hard timber, and the sweet fruit rachis is edible and is used to make a fruit wine.[3] The seeds are used in traditional medicine.[4] One can distinguish Hovenia acerba by its fruit, which are yellow or brownish at maturity, whereas H. dulcis fruit are black.[4] It is widely used as a street tree in southern Chinese cities.[5]

Subtaxa

The following varieties are accepted:[2]

Hovenia acerba var. acerba – entire range, except Tibet
Hovenia acerba var. kiukiangensis (Hu & W.C.Cheng) C.R.Wu – Tibet, Yunnan

References

Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI).; IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group. (2019). "Hovenia acerba". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T147025954A147027232. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T147025954A147027232.en. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
"Hovenia acerba Lindl". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
"枳椇 zhi ju". Flora of China. efloras.org. 2023. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
"枳椇属 zhi ju shu". Flora of China. efloras.org. 2023. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
Ossola, Alessandro; Hoeppner, Malin J.; Burley, Hugh M.; Gallagher, Rachael V.; Beaumont, Linda J.; Leishman, Michelle R. (2020). "The Global Urban Tree Inventory: A database of the diverse tree flora that inhabits the world's cities". Global Ecology and Biogeography. 29 (11): 1907–1914. doi:10.1111/geb.13169. S2CID 225429443.

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[1] Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI).; IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group. (2019). "Hovenia acerba". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T147025954A147027232. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T147025954A147027232.en. Retrieved 9 August 2023.

[POWO_717557-1-2] "Hovenia acerba Lindl". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 9 August 2023.

[FoC_200013345-3] "枳椇 zhi ju". Flora of China. efloras.org. 2023. Retrieved 9 August 2023.

[FoC_115811-4] "枳椇属 zhi ju shu". Flora of China. efloras.org. 2023. Retrieved 9 August 2023.

[GUTI-5] Ossola, Alessandro; Hoeppner, Malin J.; Burley, Hugh M.; Gallagher, Rachael V.; Beaumont, Linda J.; Leishman, Michelle R. (2020). "The Global Urban Tree Inventory: A database of the diverse tree flora that inhabits the world's cities". Global Ecology and Biogeography. 29 (11): 1907–1914. doi:10.1111/geb.13169. S2CID 225429443.