Hpa-an

Hpa-an (Burmese: ဘားအံမြို့, [pʰə ʔàɰ̃ mjo̰]; Pwo Eastern Karen: ဍုံထ်ုအင်; S'gaw Karen: ဖၣ်အၣ်ဝ့ၢ်ဖိ, also spelled Pa-an) is the capital and largest city of Kayin State (Karen State), Myanmar (Burma). The population of Hpa-an as of the 2014 census was 421,575. Most of the people in Hpa-an are of the Karen ethnic group.

Hpa-an
ဘားအံမြို့
ဖၣ်အၣ်ဝ့ၢ်ဖိ
City
Hpa-an is located in Myanmar
Hpa-an
Hpa-an
Location in Myanmar (Burma)
Coordinates: 16°53′26″N 97°38′0″E
Country Myanmar
Division Kayin State
DistrictHpa-an District
TownshipHpa-an Township
Population
 (2014 census)
421,525
 • Ethnicities
 • Religions
Theravada Buddhism and Christianity
Time zoneUTC+6.30 (MMT)
Area code58[1]
WebsiteMyanmar

Legend
Statues of the dragon and frog

Legend has it that Hpa-An was created by the dragon king and the frog king. King Mandu (မဏ္ဍုဖားမင်းကြီး), a giant frog lived the top of the Mount Hpan Pu. One day, while out searching for food, he saw a large magic ruby with an emerald club placed on the throne in the foot cave of Mount Hpan Pu, and the frog king thought the ruby was his food and swallowed it. He gained powers by swallowing the magic ruby and was able to resist his enemy, the dragon king. The place where the dragon king vomited the frog king is called Hpa-An (lit. 'vomit frog').[2] The impressive statues of these figures can be seen in the Shwe Yin Myaw Pagoda's compound.

Climate

Hpa-An has a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen climate classification Am). Temperatures are very warm throughout the year, although maximum temperatures are somewhat depressed in the monsoon season due to heavy cloud and rain. There is a winter dry season (November–April) and a summer wet season (May–October). Torrential rain falls from June to September, with over 1,100 millimetres (43 in) falling in July and August alone.

Climate data for Hpa-An (1991–2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 34.0
(93.2)		 35.9
(96.6)		 37.3
(99.1)		 37.9
(100.2)		 33.9
(93.0)		 30.2
(86.4)		 29.2
(84.6)		 28.9
(84.0)		 31.0
(87.8)		 34.0
(93.2)		 34.6
(94.3)		 33.6
(92.5)		 33.4
(92.1)
Daily mean °C (°F) 26.0
(78.8)		 27.5
(81.5)		 29.6
(85.3)		 31.1
(88.0)		 29.1
(84.4)		 26.9
(80.4)		 26.3
(79.3)		 26.2
(79.2)		 27.3
(81.1)		 28.9
(84.0)		 28.3
(82.9)		 26.3
(79.3)		 27.8
(82.0)
Average low °C (°F) 18.0
(64.4)		 19.0
(66.2)		 21.9
(71.4)		 24.4
(75.9)		 24.3
(75.7)		 23.7
(74.7)		 23.4
(74.1)		 23.4
(74.1)		 23.7
(74.7)		 23.8
(74.8)		 22.0
(71.6)		 19.0
(66.2)		 22.2
(72.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 8.5
(0.33)		 3.0
(0.12)		 17.2
(0.68)		 43.5
(1.71)		 380.4
(14.98)		 845.8
(33.30)		 1,126.6
(44.35)		 1,120.2
(44.10)		 614.1
(24.18)		 189.1
(7.44)		 27.8
(1.09)		 15.3
(0.60)		 4,391.3
(172.89)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 0.5 0.3 1.4 3.9 18.1 26.8 28.5 28.8 23.8 12.1 2.2 0.9 147.3
Source: World Meteorological Organization[3]

Transport

Air

Hpa-An was linked to Yangon, Mawlamyine and Hpapun by air but the airport ceased operations.

Buses

There are express buses from Hpa-An to Yangon, Mawlamyine, the border crossing at Myawaddy and other towns.

Population history
  • 1953: 4,100
  • 1983: 41,500
  • 2014: 421,525

Education

Religion
Pagoda on the top of Mount Zwegabin.

The majority of residents are Theravada Buddhists, followed by Baptist, Anglican and Roman Catholics.

Sights
Saddan Cave
Kyauk Ka Lat
View of Than Lwin Bridge in Hpa-An
Local Buddhist monks

Kayin State Cultural Museum is located in Hpa-An. Mount Zwegabin and Mount Taung Wine are attractive places for visitors, as well as Kyauk Ka Lat Pagoda in which the sacred hair relic of Buddha is enshrined. Hpa An is famous for many limestone caves, like

Such caves are well worth visiting because of their incredibly beautiful landscapes and ancient Buddha images and other cultural items in them which were once less known due to regional instability. The Shwe Yin Myaw Pagoda and Thit Hta Man Aung Pagoda are in the center of Hpa-an. Enjoying the beauty of Than Lwin River from the platform of the pagoda is an opportunity that should not be missed. Other interesting places are Kyone Htaw Waterfall which is 2 hours driving from Hpa-an, and the Saddan Cave (mentioned above) which is the biggest and longest cave in Kayin State.[4] The beautiful Kan Thar Yar Lake and its bridge are the heart of Kayin State.

Health care
  • Hpa-An General Hospital
  • Taung Kalay Military Hospital

Sports

Football

Zwegabin United FC founded in 2010, is based in Hpa-An. The club is competing in Myanmar National League.

Trekking and hiking
View from Mount Zwegabin towards Hpa An.

Mount Zwegabin is around 8.5 km south of Hpa An. It is visited by tourists for its views and natural environment.[5]

At Bayint Nyi cave (literally: "King's Younger Brother cave"), a climbing site developed with support from The Technical Climbing Club of Myanmar (TCCM) and a number of expats in Yangon who belong to Myanmar Rock Community (MRC), is an ongoing project having started in 2015. The club is now beginning to attract interest from local people which is helping fuel a growing interest in the sport of rock climbing around Myanmar.[6][7]

References
  1. "Myanmar Area Codes". Archived from the original on 2009-12-01. Retrieved 2009-04-10.
  2. "ဖားပုတောင်ပေါ်မှ လှပသောမြင်ကွင်းတစ်ခွင်". Myanma Radio and Television. 22 April 2022.
  3. "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020". World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 16 October 2023.
  4. "Saddan & Hai Sin caves (Hpa An) - Caves of Myanmar".
  5. "The Ultimate Backpacking Experience". 2016-08-21. Retrieved 2018-05-30.
  6. https://www.facebook.com/climbmyanmar/?ref=ts&fref=ts
  7. "Rock Climbing in Hpa-An Area, Hpa-An Area".
  • Media related to Hpa-An at Wikimedia Commons
  • Hpa-an travel guide from Wikivoyage
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