Hridayshah

Hridayshah, also called Hirde Shah,[1][2] was the 54th and last great king of Garha-Mandla. Hridayshah was a great patron and lover of music, and wrote the musical compostions of "Hriday Koutuk" and "Hriday Prakash" in 1660.[3][4][5] He moved his kingdom's capital from Chouragarh to Ramnagar of Mandla district to secure it from Bundela attacks.[6][7]

Hridayshah
Raja of Garha Kingdom
Reign1634–1668
PredecessorPrem Narain
SuccessorChhatra Shah
DynastyRajgond
FatherPrem Narain

Reign

When Madhukar Shah, Chandra Shah's successor committed suicide, Prem Narain, his eldest son who was in Delhi at the imperial court, rushed back to Garha. While going, he left his eldest son Hirde Shah at the court. Jhujhar Singh of Orchha invaded and killed Prem Narain by treachery and his cunning.[2] However, Hridayshah retook the kingdom from Jhujhar Singh with Mughal intereference and help.[2][1]

Hridayshah was a great and able Gond ruler.[8] He maintained friendly relations with the Mughals, he spent days at the imperial court in Delhi as well.

As Eyre Chatterton describes-

"The Gond king, Hirde Shah, was clearly a man of this world. His days in Delhi, where at the Emperor's court he mixed with many of the leading princes of India, had made him feel the force of pride of race."

— The Story of Gondwana[2]

He had a keen interest in taking care of animals, especially tigers, of whom he had 16. A genealogy of the Gond kings of Mandla was prepared by a Hindu named Jaya Govinda on his orders in Sanskrit on a tablet, now found on the walls of the Gond royal palace at Ramnagar, near Mandla.[1] During the reign of Mughal emperor Shah Jahan, Pahad Singh Bundela of Orchha attacked Hirde Shah, hence he shifted his capital to Mandla.[9][10] This was the second time the Bundelas of Orchha had attacked Garha.

He was a descendant of the great Sangram Shah and a close relative of the valiant Gond queen, Rani Durgavati's family.[11] Moti Mahal was built by him 350 years ago, which is a wonderful example of the architecture of that time. He also built 'Begum Mahal' for the queen and 'Badal Mahal' for the generals.[12] The Gond royal palace at Ramnagar was built by Hriday Shah around 1630 AD, when he made Ramnagar his capital.[6]

Legacy

Hriday Shah was the last great king of Garha-Mandla. After his death, no great ruler appeared and court intrigue was common, greatly weakening the state. They alternatively invited Aurangzeb and the Marathas for help.[10][9] It ceded away portions of its territory and revenues to buy off its enemies. Thus when the Maratha peshwa made demands, the king of Mandla, Narhar Shah, could not fulfill them and was defeated by the Maratha king of Nagpur and the kingdom annexed.[2]

References
  1. Sharma, Anima (2005). Tribe in transition : a study of Thakur Gonds (1st ed.). New Delhi: Mittal Publications. ISBN 9788170999898.
  2. Chatterton, Eyre (8 January 2021). The Story Of Gondwana. Read Books Ltd. ISBN 978-1-5287-6963-1.
  3. Bundelkhand), Hirde Sah (King of (1976). Hridaya prakash of Hirde Sah (in Hindi). Shri Prannath Mission.
  4. Jani, Dr Kalpesh (2 June 2019). Sangeet Aarohee - An Essential Study of Hindustani Classical Music. BecomeShakespeare.com. ISBN 978-93-88930-36-9.
  5. Ashtaputre, Meghana (14 August 2021). 'Raas' : The Mandal Raas of Mulher Province of Maharashtra. Blue Rose Publishers.
  6. Orissa District Gazetteers: Mandla. Superintendent, Orissa Government Press. 1995.
  7. "The Gond kingdoms". downtoearth.
  8. "The Gond kingdoms". downtoearth.
  9. Deogaonkar, Shashishekhar Gopal (2007). The Gonds of Vidarbha. Concept Publishing Company. ISBN 978-81-8069-474-5.
  10. Medieval PERIOD (Complete History of Nagpur). 16 July 2021. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  11. "Untold True Story of a king Who Had 16 Pet Tigers". www.patrika.com. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  12. "Five-storey palace built from 350 year old stones". www.naidunia.com. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  • The great Gondi shahs (retold), 2008, G.H. Stein (original author- Kartabhanu), Motilal Banarsidass Publishers
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