Hybridization in pines

Both naturally and artificially occurring pine species (Pinus) can hybridize, combining their genetic material and sometimes creating hybrids that can be more or less vigorous than their parent species. An example of a naturally occurring hybrid pine is Pinus × sondereggeri, a naturally occurring cross between loblolly pine (P. taeda) and longleaf pine (P. palustris). An example of the many artificial hybrids is Pinus lambertiana × P. armandii.[1]

Subgenus Pinus

Includes both natural and artificial pine hybrids.

Subsection Pinus

  • Pinus × neilreichiana, Pinus nigra × P. sylvestris[4] – Neilreich pine (Austrian pine × Scots pine)

Subsection Ponderosae

  • Pinus ponderosa var. ponderosa × P. montezumae – Ponderosa pine (typical variety) × Montezuma pine
  • Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum × P. montezumae – Rocky Mountain ponderosa pine × Montezuma pine
  • Pinus engelmannii × P. montezumaeApache pine × Montezuma pine
  • Pinus jeffreyi × P. montezumaeJeffrey pine × Montezuma pine
  • Pinus ponderosa var. ponderosa × P. engelmannii – Ponderosa pine (typical variety) × Apache pine
  • Pinus engelmannii × P. arizonica – Apache pine × Arizona pine
  • Pinus engelmannii × P. ponderosa var. scopulorum – Apache pine × Rocky Mountain ponderosa pine
  • Pinus jeffreyi × P. ponderosa var. ponderosa – Jeffrey pine × ponderosa pine (typical variety)
  • Pinus jeffreyi × P. ponderosa var. scopulorum – Jeffrey pine × Rocky Mountain ponderosa pine
  • Pinus jeffreyi × P. ponderosa var. washoensis – Jeffrey pine × Washoe pine
  • Pinus. ponderosa var. washoensis × P. ponderosa var. ponderosa – Washoe pine × ponderosa pine (typical variety)
  • Pinus. ponderosa var. washoensis × P. ponderosa var. scopulorum – Washoe pine × Rocky Mountain ponderosa pine
  • Pinus jeffreyi × P. coulteri – Jeffrey pine × Coulter pine

Subsection Contortae

  • Pinus × murraybanksiana, Pinus contorta var. murrayana × P. banksiana – Murraybanks pine (Sierra lodgepole pine × jack pine)
  • Pinus contorta var latifolia × P. banksiana – Rocky Mountain Lodgepole Pine × Jack Pine
  • Pinus virginiana × P. clausaVirginia pine × Sand pine

Subsection Australes

  • Pinus elliottii × P. palustrisSlash pine × longleaf pine
  • Pinus elliottii × P. taeda – Slash pine × loblolly pine
  • Pinus echinata × P. elliottiiShortleaf pine × slash pine
    Pinus monophylla × P. edulis foliage
  • Pinus echinata × P. taeda – Shortleaf pine × loblolly pine
  • Pinus rigida × P. echinataPitch pine × shortleaf pine
  • Pinus x rigitaeda, Pinus rigida × P. taeda – Pitlolly pine (Pitch pine × loblolly pine)
  • Pinus rigida × P. serotina – Pitch pine × pond pine
  • Pinus patula × P. radiata – Mexican weeping pine × Monterey pine
  • Pinus attenuata × P. radiata – KMX pine (Knobcone pine × Monterey pine)
  • Pinus attenuata × P. muricata – Knobcone pine × bishop pine

Subgenus Strobus

Successful crosses (hybrids) between species of section Strobus

Includes both natural and artificial pine hybrids. There have been external reports of pine hybrids in the subgenus Strobus.[5]

Subsection Cembroides

  • Pinus quadrifolia × P. monophylla – Parry pinyon × single-leaf pinyon
  • Pinus monophylla × P. edulis – Single-leaf pinyon × Colorado pinyon

Subsection Strobus

  • Pinus × hakkodensis, Pinus parviflora var. pentaphylla × P. pumila[8] – Hakkoda pine (Japanese white pine × Japanese stone pine)
  • Pinus × hakkodensis
    Pinus × holfordiana, Pinus ayacahuite × P. wallichiana[9] – Holford pine (Mexican white pine × Himalayan pine)
  • Pinus × hunnewellii, Pinus parviflora × P. strobus[10] – Hunnewell's white pine (Japanese white pine × eastern white pine)
  • Pinus lambertiana × P. koraiensis – Sugar pine × Korean pine
  • Pinus monticola × P. flexilis – Western white pine × limber pine
  • Pinus monticola × P. strobus – Western white pine × eastern white pine
    Japanese stone pine cone (Pinus pumila, left) and Japanese stone pine × Siberian pine cone (Pinus pumila × P. sibirica, right). Anatomy of the cones and visible morphological differences in the hybridized cone
  • Pinus monticola × P. peuce – Western white pine × Balkan pine
  • Pinus peuce × P. strobus – Balkan pine × eastern white pine
  • Pinus peuce × P. parviflora – Balkan pine × Japanese white pine
  • Pinus flexilis × P. strobus[11] – Limber pine × eastern white pine
  • Pinus flexilis × P. ayacahuite – Limber pine × Mexican white pine
  • Pinus ayacahuite × P. strobus – Mexican white pine × eastern white pine
  • Pinus × schwerinii, Pinus strobus × P. wallichiana – Schwerin's white pine (Eastern white pine × Himalayan pine)
  • Pinus monticola × P. wallichiana – Western white pine × Himalayan pine
  • Pinus albicaulis × P. flexilis – Whitebark pine × limber pine
  • Pinus sibirica × P. cembra – Siberian pine × Swiss stone pine
  • Pinus sibirica × P. koraiensis – Siberian pine × Korean pine
  • Pinus armandii × P. koraiensis[5] – Armand pine × Korean pine
  • Pinus strobus × P. ayacahuite[12] – Eastern white pine × Mexican white pine

References

  1. "Botanical descriptions of 40 artificial pine hybrids" (PDF).
  2. "Pinus densiflora x nigra / Japanese red-Austrian black pine hybrid | Conifer Species". American Conifer Society. Retrieved 2022-03-23.
  3. "Pinus × densithunbergii / hybrid pine | Conifer Species". American Conifer Society. Retrieved 2022-03-23.
  4. "Pinus × neilreichiana / Neilreich pine | Conifer Species". American Conifer Society. Retrieved 2022-03-23.
  5. sjgbloom2012 (2015-08-04). "Pinus armandii x P. koraiensis • Korean Pine". SJG bloom. Retrieved 2022-03-22.
  6. Buck, Ryan; Hyasat, S.; Hossfeld, A.; Flores-Rentería, L. (13 August 2020). "Patterns of hybridization and cryptic introgression among one- and four-needled pinyon pines". Annals of Botany. 126 (3): 401–411. doi:10.1093/aob/mcaa045. PMC 7424738. PMID 32222765. Retrieved 2022-03-25.
  7. Goroshkevich, Sergej N. (2004). "Natural Hybridization between Russian Stone Pine (Pinus siberica) and Japanese Stone Pine (Pinus pumila')" (PDF). US Forest Service. Retrieved 2022-03-24.
  8. "Pinus × hakkodensis / Hakkoda pine | Conifer Species". American Conifer Society. Retrieved 2022-03-23.
  9. "Pinus × holfordiana / Holford pine | Conifer Species". American Conifer Society. Retrieved 2022-03-23.
  10. "Pinus × hunnewellii / Hunnewell's white pine | Conifer Species". American Conifer Society. Retrieved 2022-03-23.
  11. Critchfield, William B. (1986). "Hybridization and classification of the white pines (Pinus section strobus)". Taxon. 35 (4): 647–656. doi:10.2307/1221606. JSTOR 1221606.
  12. "Pinus strobus × ayacahuite / hybrid pine | Conifer Species". American Conifer Society. Retrieved 2022-03-23.
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