Hypsibius dujardini

Hypsibius dujardini sensu lato is a species complex of tardigrade in the class Eutardigrada. A member of this complex, Hypsibius exemplaris, is widely used for various research projects pertaining to evolutionary biology and astrobiology.[1]

Hypsibius dujardini
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Tardigrada
Class: Eutardigrada
Order: Parachela
Family: Hypsibiidae
Genus: Hypsibius
Species:
H. dujardini
Binomial name
Hypsibius dujardini
(Doyère, 1840)
Synonyms
  • Macrobiotus dujardini Doyère, 1840

H. exemplaris was differentiated from H. dujardini sensu stricto in 2018. Earlier studies refer to this lab species from northwest England as H. dujardini. H. dujardini s.s. is found in France, and has differences in 18S rRNA sequence and morphological details.[1]

Habitat

The species, Hypsibius dujardini, is a tardigrade that prefers freshwater lakes, rivers, and streams. Because they are considered cosmopolitan, their geographical range is immense. They can be found in regions like the tropics and the poles.[2]

Genome sequencing

The genome of Hypsibius exemplaris has been sequenced.[3][4] Hypsibius exemplaris has a compact genome and a generation time of about two weeks. It can be cultured indefinitely and cryopreserved.[5]

Protection of DNA

Hypsibius exemplaris contains an ortholog of the nuclear protein termed Dsup for damage suppression.[6] Dsup binds to nucleosomes and protects chromatin DNA from hydroxyl radicals that could be generated by ionizing radiation or by hydrogen peroxide.[6]

References
  1. Gąsiorek, Piotr; Stec, Daniel; Morek, Witold; Michalczyk, Łukasz (2018). "An integrative redescription of Hypsibius dujardini (Doyère, 1840), the nominal taxon for Hypsibioidea (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada)". Zootaxa. 4415 (1): 45–75. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4415.1.2. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 30313631.
  2. McFatter, M; Meyer, H; Hinton, J (2007). "Nearctic freshwater tardigrades: a review". Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium on Tardigradia. 66 (1): 84. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.851.3263. doi:10.4081/jlimnol.2007.s1.84.
  3. Koutsovoulos, Georgios; Kumar, Sujai; Laetsch, Dominik R.; Stevens, Lewis; Daub, Jennifer; Conlon, Claire; Maroon, Habib; Thomas, Fran; Aboobaker, Aziz A.; Blaxter, Mark (2016). "No evidence for extensive horizontal gene transfer in the genome of the tardigrade Hypsibius dujardini". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 113 (18): 5053–5058. Bibcode:2016PNAS..113.5053K. doi:10.1073/pnas.1600338113. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4983863. PMID 27035985.
  4. Yoshida, Yuki; Koutsovoulos, Georgios; Laetsch, Dominik R.; Stevens, Lewis; Kumar, Sujai; Horikawa, Daiki D.; Ishino, Kyoko; Komine, Shiori; Kunieda, Takekazu; Tomita, Masaru; Blaxter, Mark; Arakawa, Kazuharu; Tyler-Smith, Chris (27 July 2017). "Comparative genomics of the tardigrades Hypsibius dujardini and Ramazzottius varieornatus". PLOS Biology. 15 (7): e2002266. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2002266. PMC 5531438. PMID 28749982.
  5. Gabriel, W; et al. (2007). "The tardigrade Hypsibius dujardini, a new model for studying the evolution of development". Developmental Biology. 312 (2): 545–559. doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2007.09.055. PMID 17996863.
  6. Chavez C, Cruz-Becerra G, Fei J, Kassavetis GA, Kadonaga JT. The tardigrade damage suppressor protein binds to nucleosomes and protects DNA from hydroxyl radicals. Elife. 2019 Oct 1;8:e47682. doi: 10.7554/eLife.47682. PMID: 31571581; PMCID: PMC6773438
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