IBM System/370 Model 168

The IBM System/370 Model 168 and Model 158[1] were both announced on August 2, 1972.[2] Prior 370 systems had not "offered virtual storage capability, which was to be a hallmark of the 370 line," and some said that the 168 and 158 were the first "real 370" products.[3] By contrast, "in 1972, the System/370 Advanced Function was released and had new Address Relocation Hardware and now supported four new operating systems (VM/370, DOS/VS, OS/VS1, OS/VS2)."[4]

IBM System/370 Model 168
ManufacturerInternational Business Machines Corporation (IBM)
Product familySystem/370
Release dateAugust 2, 1972 (1972-08-02)
DiscontinuedSeptember 15, 1980
Memoryup to eight megabytes of integrated monolithic processor storage
WebsiteOfficial website IBM Archives

The 158 and 168 were withdrawn on September 15, 1980.

Features

Main memory

Main memory, which was four-way doubleword interleaved, could be 1 to 8 megabytes, with offerings selectable in increments of one megabyte.[5]

The Model 168 used semiconductor memory, rather than the magnetic-core memory used by the 370/165[5] introduced 2 years prior, resulting in a system that was faster and physically smaller than a Model 165.[5]: pp.3–5 

System console

The newly introduced IBM 3066 Model 2 System console

  • included a light pen[NB 1]
  • replaced "most switch, pushbutton, and indicator functions"[NB 2][5]: p.32 
  • as with the 165's Model 1, had a microfiche document viewer,[NB 3] a feature introduced for the 360/85's console.[NB 4]

A console printer (up to 85 characters per second) to provide hard copy was optional when the console was in display mode, and required when it was in printer-keyboard mode.

Disk storage

The newly introduced Model 11 of IBM's 3330 family of disk drives, featuring removable disk packs, has double the capacity of the prior 100-megabyte offerings.[NB 5][NB 6] It can't be attached to a 370/165.[5]: p.94 

Multiprocessing

Both the 370/168 and the 370/158 had MP (multiprocessing) models that offered "tightly coupled multiprocessing.[1]

The 168 was described[2] as having "two types of multiprocessing support" since it also offered attaching a second processing unit, an IBM 3062 Attached Processing Unit, which lacked access to Input/Output channels.

Extended precision floating-point

This feature adds support for 128-bit "hexadecimal" floating-point operands. It is standard on all 165 and 168 models, and is an "Optional (no-charge)" feature on the 370/158.[5]: p.137 

Emulation

The optional IBM 7070/7074 Compatibility Feature allowed the 168 to "run 7070 and 7074 programs at speeds that, in general, equal or exceed those of the original systems"[6] and yet "not affect normal operation of System/370."[5]: p.139 [6]: p.5 

Other listed options are:

  • 7080 Compatibility
  • 709/7090/7094 II Compatibility

There is a limitation, however, described as:
"Note: Compatibility features are mutually exclusive."

System/370 Extended Facility

This optional facility of the 168-3 provides support for MVS/System Extensions (MVS/SE) and for the later MVS/System Product (MVS/SP).[7]

168-1 & 168-3

The Third (June 1975) edition of IBM's 168 Guide introduced the 168-3.
"There are two versions of the Model 168: the Model 1 and the Model 3."[5]: preface 

IBM referred to the System/370 Model 168-3 as "the company's ... flagship."[NB 7]

The 168-3 CPU's internal performance has been described as 5–13% faster than the 168-1.[5]: p.125 

See also

Notes
  1. Although only the 158 announcement mentioned the light pen, the 168's manual says "light pen is standard."
  2. among the few retained: "system clear" and "cooling reset alarm"
  3. the online manual has an extra dot: "d.ocument"
  4. the 360/85 article includes a photo of same
  5. It has the same number of platters but double the number of data cylinders.
  6. Similar to the Massbus / DEC RP05/RP06 100 MB/200 MB capacities and number of cylinders.
  7. https://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/3033/3033_intro.html, when comparing it and the then-new IBM 3033.

References
  1. "System/370 Model 158". IBM Archives. IBM. 23 January 2003.
  2. "System/370 Model 168". IBM Archives. IBM. 23 January 2003.
  3. "What Course for the 3081?". Computerworld. November 24, 1980. p. 34.
  4. Marshall, David; Reynolds, Wade A.; McCrory, Dave (17 May 2006). Advanced Server Virtualization. p. 8. ISBN 1420013165.
  5. "A Guide to the IBM System/370 Model 168" (PDF). IBM. June 1975.
  6. "7070/7074 Compatibility Feature for IBM System/370 Models 165, 165 II, and 168" (PDF). IBM. June 1973. GA22-6958-1.
  7. "IBM System/370 Extended Facility" (PDF). IBM System/370 Extended FacilitY (PDF). IBM. January 1978. p. 4. GA22-7072-0. The IBM System/370 extended facility or feature is available on all processor complexes and some models of System/370. Developed to support the internal structure of the MVS control program, this facility enhances the capabilities and performance of the MVS system when it is used with the MVS/System Extensions program product (program No. S740-XE1).
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