Central Banda language

Central Banda is a dialect continuum of the Banda languages spoken by around one million people, primarily in the Central African Republic. The varieties may be mutually intelligible, especially the Mid-Southern–Gobu–Kpagua–Mono–Ngundu cluster. The other varieties are Bambari, Banda-Banda, Mbrès, Ndélé, and Togbo-Vara Banda.

Central Banda
Native toCentral African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Sudan
Native speakers
(580,000 cited 1984–1996)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3Variously:
liy  Banda-Bambari
bpd  Banda-Banda
bqk  Banda-Mbrès
bfl  Banda-Ndélé
tor  Togbo-Vara Banda
bjo  Mid-Southern Banda
gox  Gobu
kuw  Kpagua
mnh  Mono
nue  Ngundu
Glottologcent2022

Phonology

Consonants

Bilabial Labial Dental Alveolar Postalveolar Palatal Velar Labialvelar Glottal
Plosive voiceless p t k kp ʔ
voiced b d ɡ ɡb
prenasalized mb ɱv nd nz ndʒ ŋɡ ŋmɡb
Fricative voiceless f s ʃ h
voiced v z ʒ
Nasal m n ɲ
Tap/Flap
Trill r~ɾ
Lateral l
Approximant j w

Vowels

Front Mid Back
Close i ɨ ʉ u
Close-mid e o
Mid ə
Open-mid ɛ ɔ
Open a

Tone

Vowel tones are: rising /ǎ/, falling /â/, mid /ā/, low /à/, and high /á/.[2]

Varieties

Central Banda language varieties listed by Moñino (1988):[3]

Nougayrol (1989) also lists Kɔ̀nɔ́, Manja, Ndòkà, Njùlúgù, and Sàra Dìnjo.[4]

Demographics

Demographics of Central Banda language varieties as synthesized from Moñino (1988)[3] and Nougayrol (1989):[4]

LanguageVillagesPopulationClansNotesCountries
Bàndà-Bàndà
Bàndà-Kpaya(only in South Sudan)
Bàndà-Ndele
Bèrèyà
Bòngò
Búkà
BurúKúyàrà25MàtiàKpata road; near Gbàyà of Krakə̀mâl; also in Bahr el Ghazal, migrated during the Zubayr era (ca. 1930)(only in South Sudan)
DabùrùNdagra20Kɔ̀tɔ̀, Ngòmbe, Ngulú (Kpata), Ndubu (Kpata and Ndagra)Kpata road
DabùrùKpàtà380Kpata road
DabùrùMiskin30recent satellite of Jamsinda
Dùkpù(also in South Sudan)
GàiZòkùtùɲálàTuluHaraz road
GàiBatéle ́TuluNdélé
Galabò
GbàgàMia Fɔ̀ndɔ̀90Gbə̀lè, Gùməli, Mabiri, Vidi, Yàkpà
GbàgàKàkásome
GbàgàKòv̂òngò Mia70Vidi, Yúdà
GbàgàNgú Sua60Kupi, Mbízà, Ngìàlúgù/Ngèlúgù/Njùlúgù, Vóndò
GbàgàGbàkó Lìkpà65Vidi
GbàgàBangora̱155Dámbasí/Dámbacé, Kòlògbò, làngbà
GbàgàDàngàvo50Kòlògbò, Yàkpà
GbàgàYambala Màgùndà80Mɔnɔ, Vàngà
GbàgàVátá170Banga, Manja, poro, Tàngbàgò, Tògbò, Yàngbà
GbàgàVavú ?
GbàgàBu Mbàlà45, with GbayaBanga, Dákpá, Mòngò, Vidi
GbàgàBàmingi 1, 2650Gbàyà, Gùməli, Ngìàlúgù/Ngèlúgù/Njùlúgù, Sìmi/Cìmi, Vidi
GbàgàYangú Gàlá30Báláwàwith the Mbele
GbàgàYambala Kùdùvèlé90Dámbasí/Dámbacé, Kpòʔòrò, Ngìàlúgù/Ngèlúgù/Njùlúgù, Sìmi/Cìmi, Wádà, Wójò, Yúdà
GbàgàJamsindasomeGolongoso road
Gbambiya
GbàyàKrakə̀mâ 1210Àbátà, Lòngbò, Tulu, YàmaKpata road
GbàyàKrakə̀mâ 280Gbòngó, Gbókóló, ɲamô
GbàyàNgú Yambrì40ɲamô
GbàyàBu MbàlàLìwusome families; on Gangui road, on the outskirts of Gbaga
GbòngóTakara1707 - Danbùrù, Gbàngárà, Ndì, Ngàmbeà, Ngulú, Wɔlɔ́, YàndèKpata road
GovoNdélé ?
Gòv̂òrò(only in South Sudan)
Gubú(also in DR Congo)
Hàì
Jòtò
JúnguruBatéle 2 (Ndélé) and Idòngóoriginally from Kpula, and were subjects of Zubayr(also in South Sudan)
Kɔ̀nɔ́Batéle 2 (Ndélé)some families
Kpágùà(also in DR Congo)
LìndáLìndá 1Ngbɔ̀lɔ̀ngɔ̀jɔ̀
LìndáLìndá 2Mbìà
Lìndáformerly Kùcù Kakú
Lìndásome in NdeleNgàò
ManjaBatéle 1 (Ndélé cluster)180Bòkèngè, Bìsèngesome families in Kubu and Jamsinda (Golongoso road)
Mbanja(only in DR Congo)
Mbanza(also in DR Congo)
MbàtáZòkùtùɲálà340250Haraz road
MbàtáNdélé1 neighborhood
MbeleYangú Doro40
MbeleYangú Líká30Ngìndì
MbeleYangú GàláMbruasome families living with the Muruba
MbeleYambala Kùdùvèlésome families living with the Muruba
MbeleJamsindaMbruasome families (on Golongoso road)
MùrùbàDungu Yangú105Yaguawith the Ngao
MùrùbàBiʃi Ngú 175Kàgáràwith the Ngapo
MùrùbàGbà Lə́bà100Gbanga
MùrùbàYangú Ngav̂ala30Gbózu Yavóró, Kàdá
MùrùbàKàgà Nzê45Kpèyí
MùrùbàNgú Mburu25Ngbə̀lɛ́lɛ́
MùrùbàMbí Ngú45Gbanga
MùrùbàMuruba250Bongo2 neighborhoods
MùrùbàSajara130Gàràwá, Kpèyí, Ngbalá, Sògbòrò2 neighborhoods
MùrùbàKassaïGbanga, Kpèyí, Wàndèsome families
MùrùbàKro Pálíásome families
MùrùbàJamsindasome families
MùrùbàKubusome families; Golongoso road
Nbìyì
Ndi
Ndòkà NjùlúgùÁdùm Mindu250Bangui road
Ndòkpà
NgàjàNdélésome families
NgàòYangú Brinjì155Sàngàsà
NgàòNgú Jáká200KàbàKpata road
NgàòMbólò 1295Gbúlú
NgàòMbólò 225Gòv̂òrò
NgàòMbólò 3260Lìwà
NgàòMbólò 460Gbòngó
NgàòGbə̀tì ə́njo35Dòdòrò
NgàòKə́lə́ Bítì145Dòdòrò
NgàòVùngbá55Dòdòrò
NgàòYàfò30Jùmə̀làBangoran road
NgàòKàká120Ndákpá
NgàòDungu Yangú105Dòdòròwith the Muruba
NgàòNgàò Ndákpá55Nivu (?)
NgàòKassaïsome families
NgàòKro Pálíásome families
NgápóGbà Njípri33Gbàrə̀Bangoran road
NgápóGbà Lə́bà100Dìgàò, ZàgòBangui road; with the Muruba
NgápóKassaï
NgápóNdélé
NgbaláNdyiriGbà Lábà7 villages and clans
NgbaláÍdòngóDèngè
NgbaláNgú Gua (Gbɔ̀kɔ́)
NgbaláYangú Bə̀ (Wá Ngato)
NgbaláNgú Mbrì (Wàkà)
NgbaláNgú Tàgbà (Ngèlè)
NgbaláBangora̱ Gudèrè (Mɔ̀ʔɔ́)
NgòlàNdele
NgòlàJamsindaGolongoso road
Ngùndù
SàbángàGbə̀tì ə́ NjoVəjàBangoran road
SàbángàYangú GàláBangui road
Sàra Dìnjoɲango (Bangui road)130some Sàra Ngàma from Chad also joined recently
Southern Gbàgà
TàngbàgòNgú Sua Torofay450 totalGbòngó, GàiBangoran road(also in South Sudan)
TàngbàgòTolísiòÀngbéBangoran road
TàngbàgòBiʃi Ngú 2BílíBangui road
TàngbàgòSa KùmbáMbákànáBangui road
TàngbàgòDungu YangúMbákànásome families
Tògbò(also in South Sudan)
TuluDèò35Gèndè, Manja, Ngàyà, NgàòKpata road
TuluWî Fran185Kagba, Ngulú
TuluBatéle 3200Gèndè, Kagba, Ngulú, Ngbenda, Ngàjà
TuluKro PálíáNdélé
Vàrà(also in South Sudan)
Vídìrì (Mvédèrè)(also in South Sudan)
WádàKubuGolongoso road; originally from Ouadda region, in Ndélé(also in South Sudan)
WádàBatéle 2Ndélé
WasáBatéle 2Ndélésome families(also in South Sudan)
Wùndù(only in South Sudan)
Yakpà(also in DR Congo)
Yàngere

See also

References

  1. Banda-Bambari at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Banda-Banda at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Banda-Mbrès at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Banda-Ndélé at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Togbo-Vara Banda at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Mid-Southern Banda at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    (Additional references under 'Language codes' in the information box)
  2. Hartell, Rhonda L. (1993). Alphabets des langues africaines. UNESCO and Société Internationale de Linguistique.
  3. Moñino, Yves (1988). Lexique comparatif des langues oubanguiennes. Paris: Geuthner.
  4. Nougayrol, Pierre. 1989. Les Groupes Banda du Bamingui-Bangoran (RCA). Révue d'Ethnolinguistique (Cahiers du LACITO) 4: 197-208.
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