Tama language

Tama, or Damut, is the primary language spoken by the Tama people in Ouaddai, eastern Chad and in Darfur, western Sudan.[2] It is a member of the Taman language family. Miisiirii is often considered a dialect, though it is not particularly close.

Tama
Damut
Native toChad and Sudan
RegionSouth Darfur, West Darfur and Wadi Fira
EthnicityTama people, Kimr[1]
Native speakers
(290,000, including Miisiirii cited 1993–2017)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3tma
Glottologtama1331
Linguasphere05-DAA-aa

Demographics

Tama is spoken by 63,000 people in Dar Tama, a well irrigated area near Guéréda that extends from Kebkebiya village to nearby Sudan. There are two nearly identical dialects, one spoken in the northern and central areas, and another one spoken in the south.[3]

Phonology

Consonants

Labial Dental Alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Glottal
Stop voiceless k
voiced b ɟ g
implosive ɓ ɗ̪
Fricative f s ʃ h
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Rhotic r ɽ
Lateral l ɭ
Approximant w j

Vowels

+ATR -ATR
Front Central Back Front Central Back
Close i u ɪ ʊ
Mid e o ɛ ɔ
Open ʌ̈ a

Vowel length is also distinctive.[4]

References

  1. Tama at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023) closed access
  2. Anthony Appiah; Henry Louis Gates (2010). Encyclopedia of Africa. Oxford University Press. p. 454. ISBN 978-0195337709.
  3. Rilly, Claude. 2010. Le méroïtique et sa famille linguistique. Leuven: Peeters Publishers. ISBN 978-9042922372
  4. Dimmendaal, Gerrit J. (2009). Tama. In Dimmendaal, Gerrit J. (ed.), Coding Participant Marking: Construction Types in Twelve African Languages: Amsterdam/Philadelphia: Amsterdam: John Benjamins. pp. 305–330.


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