Ichnocarpus frutescens

Ichnocarpus frutescens is a species of flowering plant in the dogbane family Apocynaceae, known by the English common name black creeper.[2] It is native to much of China, India, Southeast Asia, and northern Australia.[1][3]

Ichnocarpus frutescens
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Gentianales
Family: Apocynaceae
Genus: Ichnocarpus
Species:
I. frutescens
Binomial name
Ichnocarpus frutescens
Synonyms[1]
  • Aganosma affinis (Roem. & Schult.) G.Don
  • Apocynum crassifolium Salisb.
  • Apocynum frutescens L.
  • Beluttakaka malabarica Kuntze
  • Carruthersia daronensis Elmer
  • Chonemorpha bantamensis G.Don
  • Chonemorpha malabarica G.Don
  • Echites affinis Roem. & Schult.
  • Echites bantamensis Blume
  • Echites caryophyllatus Roth
  • Echites caudatus Blanco
  • Echites ferrugineus Thunb.
  • Echites frutescens (L.) Roxb.
  • Echites malabaricus Lam.
  • Echites trichonemus Zipp. ex Span.
  • Ichnocarpus affinis (Roem. & Schult.) Hook.f. & Thomson
  • Ichnocarpus bantamensis (Blume) Miq.
  • Ichnocarpus dasycalyx Miq.
  • Ichnocarpus leptodictyus F.Muell.
  • Ichnocarpus microcalyx Pit.
  • Ichnocarpus moluccanus Miq.
  • Ichnocarpus navesii Rolfe
  • Ichnocarpus ovatifolius A.DC.
  • Ichnocarpus oxypetalus Pit.
  • Ichnocarpus sogerensis Wernham ex S.Moore
  • Ichnocarpus volubilis (Lour.) Merr.
  • Micrechites sinensis Markgr.
  • Periploca palvallii Dennst.
  • Quirivelia bantamensis (Blume) F.N.Williams
  • Quirivelia frutescens (L.) M.R.Almeida & S.M.Almeida
  • Quirivelia zeylanica Poir.
  • Springia indica Van Heurck & Müll.Arg.
  • Tabernaemontana parviflora Poir.
  • Thyrsanthus parviflorus (Poir.) Miers
  • Gardenia sinensis Lour. ex B.A.Gomes
  • Gardenia volubilis Lour.
In Thrissur, India

It is a woody shrub with lianas sprawling to 10 m (33 ft) in maximum length and 6 cm (2.4 in) in diameter. The bark produces a creamy white sap. The leaves are up to 11 cm (4.3 in) long by 4.5 cm (1.8 in) wide. The inflorescence is a head of several flowers. Each flower has a calyx of densely hairy sepals and a five lobed corolla just under a centimeter long. The fruit is a follicle which may be over 14 cm (5.5 in) long. The roots may be reddish or purple. The plant is sold in markets in some areas in India.[4]

Uses

The plant has a large number of traditional medicinal uses, including for rheumatism, asthma, cholera, and fever.[5] Some in vitro and rodent studies have suggested that extracts of the plant may inhibit tumors,[6] protect liver cells from damage in acetaminophen overdose,[7] and reduces complications of hyperlipidemia in diabetic rats.[8] There have been no published studies testing any of these effects in humans.

The fibrous bark is used to make rope.[3]

References
  1. "Ichnocarpus frutescens". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 26 July 2020.
  2. "Ichnocarpus frutescens". Dave's Garden. Retrieved 26 July 2020.
  3. Li, Bingtao; Leeuwenberg, Antony J. M.; Middleton, David J. (2008) [1995]. Wu, Z. Y.; Raven, P. H. (eds.). "Ichnocarpus frutescens, Apocynaceae, Vol. 16". Flora of China. Online access. St. Louis, MO & Cambridge, MA.: Missouri Botanical Garden Press and Harvard University Herbaria. Retrieved 9 Mar 2013.
  4. Barik, R., et al. (2008). Antidiabetic activity of aqueous root extract of Ichnocarpus frutescens in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type II diabetes in rats. Indian Journal of Pharmacology 40:1 19.
  5. Adhikari, B. S., et al. (2010). Medicinal Plants Diversity and their Conservation Status in Wildlife Institute of India (WII) Campus, Dehradun. Ethnobotanical Leaflets 14 46-83.
  6. Kumarappan CT, Mandal SC (June 2007). "Antitumor activity of polyphenolic extract of Ichnocarpus frutescens". Exp. Oncol. 29 (2): 94–101. PMID 17704739. Archived from the original on 2010-12-15. Retrieved 2011-09-26.
  7. Dash, D. K., et al. (2007). Evaluation of hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of Ichnocarpus frutescens (Linn.) R.Br. on paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 6:3 755-65.
  8. Kumarappan CT, Mandal SC (2008). "Polyphenolic extract of Ichnocarpus frutescens attenuates diabetic complications in streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats". Ren Fail. 30 (3): 307–22. doi:10.1080/08860220701857449. PMID 18350451. S2CID 205592916.
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