Igbo–Igala wars

The Igbo–Igala wars refer to a series of conflicts that took place between the Igbo people and the Igala people of Nigeria during the 18th and 19th centuries. These wars were characterized by intense military engagements, territorial disputes, and clashes over resources and political dominance. The conflicts occurred in the northcentral region of Nigeria, primarily in the area now known as Kogi.

Igbo–Igala wars
Date18th - 19th century
Location
Southeastern Nigeria
Result Idah briefly conquered by Igbo, Minor Igbo influences in certain Igala areas, Idah Reclaimed by Igala, Igbo conquered multiple Igala areas, Igbo influence on Igala is very profound.
Belligerents
Idah
Dekina
Olamaboro
Ajaka		 Igala Kingdom
Commanders and leaders

Onu of Ife

Onu of Ankpa		 Omeppa

Background

In the 16th century a large Igala migration occurred across the Niger river following a defeat to the Kingdom of Benin.[1] Shortly after, a Jukun migration from Wukari conquered and established a royal dynasty in Idah, bringing them into contact with Igbo speaking groups.

Conquest of Idah

The Idah-Igbo wars occurred in the 18th to 19th century following an Igbo invasion and left most of Idah under Igbo control. Idah is the most notable Igala subgroup to be involved in these wars as the Igbo people conquered and installed priest kings to govern the district for almost a century. The Idah people have continuously inhabited northern Igalaland since the 3rd millennium BCE as shown through archeological continuity and glottochrony. During the period of the Igbo-Igala Wars, marked by a scarcity of labor and insecurity resulting from slave raiding and the Idah-Igbo conflicts. The conflicts started with the arrival of a figure named Omeppa whose background is from Arochukwu. Constant slave raids led by Aro warriors on Igala communities is what led to one of the most serious battle during the wars. The battle was witnessed by Sailor, Joseph B. Hawkins.[2]

Dekina Conquest

Lead up

During the early 19th century, the Igala subgroups in Kogi State underwent a significant migration towards the Kogi State areas, this in turn manifested in boundary disputes between several Eastern Igala groups with her neighbours such as Idoma and Nupe.

Conflict with Igbo

As the Igbo already lived in the area with the Idoma they sought friendship with the Igede and gave them land for farming. However, betrayed by the Igede whose true intent was expansion and to address their ongoing land scarcity. It led to a conflict between the two groups, resulting in the Igbo's defeat and expulsion from their occupied territory which the Igede then took control of.

Olamaboro Influence

The Olamaboro consist of the Igala people of Olamaboro local government and the border of Kogi state. While specific conflicts with the Olamaboro and Igbo people remain poorly documented, there is one Igbo-speaking community in Olamaboro known as Okpo. The Igbo conquered some significant riverine trading centers.

References
  1. R. Sydney Seton (October 1, 1929). "Notes on the Igala Tribe, Northern Nigeria". American Affairs. XXIX (CXIII): 42–52. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a100184.
  2. Joseph Hawkins (1797). A History of a Voyage to the Coast of Africa, and Travels Into the Interior of that Country.
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