Igiliz

Igiliz (Tachelhit: ⵉⴳⵉⵍⵉⵣ, French: Igiliz-des-Hargha) is a medieval village located on the edge of the Sous valley in the Anti-Atlas mountains of Morocco.[1][2] It is most known for being the birthplace of Ibn Tumart, founder of the Almohad caliphate.[3][4] The village was known as place of pilgrimage by Ibn Tumart's followers during Almohad rule.[3][1]

Name

Igiliz is a toponym in Berber that can be translated to "mountain peak" or "isolated mountain".[5][6]

Architecture

Igiliz is fortified by two defense walls.[3] There is a residential complex, the Qasba, centered around two courtyards.[7] There is the presence of two places of worship, including a large mosque.[7] Artificial caves, former quarries, were used as places of spiritual retreat and pilgrimage.[7]

History

The village was built in the 11th century by the Arghen, Ibn Tumart's tribe, as a ribât.[3][1] Ceramics jars, lamps, plates, braziers, pans, marmites, couscoussiers, flowerpots and a bread oven were found in the archeological site.[8][9] It is theorized that the community in Igiliz held a market every Friday, to correspond with the Friday sermon, to exchange goods and news, settle disputes, negotiate marriage, and maintain contact with the larger Masmuda tribal confederation.[1][10]

References
  1. Fromherz, Allen J. (2010). The Almohads : the Rise of an Islamic Empire. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-282-88107-5. OCLC 729030442.
  2. Van Staëvel, Jean-Pierre; Fili, Abdallah (2006-06-30). "«Wa-waṣalnā 'alā barakat Allāh ilā Īgīlīz»: à propos de la localisation d'Īgīlīz-Des-Harġa, le Ḥiṣn du Mahdī Ibn Tūmart" [On the localization of Igiliz-des-Harga, the Hisn of Mahdi Ibn Tumart]. Al-Qanṭara (in Spanish). 27 (1): 155–197. doi:10.3989/alqantara.2006.v27.i1.24. ISSN 1988-2955.
  3. "Igiliz". Grands Sites Archéologiques. Ministère de la Culture. Retrieved 2022-11-12.
  4. Ruas, Marie-Pierre; Tengberg, Margareta; Ettahiri, Ahmed S.; Fili, Abdallah; Van Staëvel, Jean-Pierre (2011-07-23). "Archaeobotanical research at the medieval fortified site of Îgîlîz (Anti-Atlas, Morocco) with particular reference to the exploitation of the argan tree". Vegetation History and Archaeobotany. 20 (5): 419–433. doi:10.1007/S00334-011-0306-2. S2CID 129509079.
  5. Ettahiri, Ahmed S.; Fili, Abdallah; Van Staëvel, Jean-Pierre (2011-09-30). "La montagne d'Îgîlîz et le pays des Arghen (Maroc): Enquête archéologique sur une société de montagne, de la révolution almohade à la constitution des terroirs précoloniaux". Les Nouvelles de l'archéologie (124): 49–53. doi:10.4000/nda.1435. ISSN 0242-7702.
  6. Weisrock, André; Van Staëvel, Jean-Pierre; Fili, Abdallah; Ettahiri, Ahmed; Ouammou, Abderrahmane; Rousseau, Louis (2015). "Approche géoarchéologique du site médiéval d'Igîlîz (Anti-Atlas occidental, Maroc)". Les Paysages Lus du Ciel. Presses Universitaires de Nancy - Éditions Universitaires de Lorraine: 305–320.
  7. "Igiliz - Fouilles archéologiques". Casa de Velazquez. Retrieved 2022-11-13.
  8. Fili, Abdallah; Ettahiri, Ahmed Saleh; Van Staëvel, Jean-Pierre; Serrat, Ihssane (2020). "Première approche typologique de la céramique protoalmohade d'Igiliz (Maroc)" [First typological approach to the proto-Almohad pottery of Igiliz (Morocco)]. Bulletin d'Archéologie Marocaine. 25 (25): 101–123. doi:10.34874/IMIST.PRSM/bam-v25.29693. eISSN 2820-6908. ISSN 0068-4015.
  9. Ettahiri, Ahmed S.; Fili, Abdallah; Van Staëvel, Jean-Pierre; Belatik, Mohamed; Capel, Chloé; Clavel, Benoit; De Keukelaere, Pauline; Doukali, Hasna; Elbourkadi, Ikhlass; Minvielle-Larousse, Nicolas; Schwerdtner, Ronald; Serrat, Ihssane; Wech, Pierre; Zizouni, Abdeslam (2020). "La montagne d'Igīlīz et le pays des Arghan : enquête archéologique sur les débuts de l'empire almohade au Maroc (chronique de la campagne de fouilles 2019)" [The Igīlīz Mountain and the Land of the Arghans: An Archaeological In- vestigation of the Early Almohad Empire in Morocco (chronicle of the 2019 excavation campaign)]. Bulletin d'Archéologie Marocaine (25): 427–443.
  10. Ettahiri, Ahmed; Fili, Abdallah; Van Staëvel, Jean-Pierre (2013). "Nouvelles recherches archéologiques sur les origines de l'empire almohade au Maroc : les fouilles d'Igîlîz". Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres. 157 (2): 1109–1142. doi:10.3406/crai.2013.95273.
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