Ihara's lemma

In mathematics, Ihara's lemma, introduced by Ihara (1975, lemma 3.2) and named by Ribet (1984), states that the kernel of the sum of the two p-degeneracy maps from J0(N)×J0(N) to J0(Np) is Eisenstein whenever the prime p does not divide N. Here J0(N) is the Jacobian of the compactification of the modular curve of Γ0(N).

References
  • Ihara, Yasutaka (1975), "On modular curves over finite fields", in Baily, Walter L. (ed.), Discrete subgroups of Lie groups and applications to moduli (Internat. Colloq., Bombay, 1973), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Studies in Mathematics, vol. 7, Oxford University Press, pp. 161–202, ISBN 978-0-19-560525-9, MR 0399105
  • Ribet, Kenneth A. (1984), "Congruence relations between modular forms", Proceedings of the International Congress of Mathematicians, Vol. 1 (Warsaw, 1983), Warszawa: PWN, pp. 503–514, MR 0804706, archived from the original on 2014-01-10, retrieved 2012-11-09


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