Iliamna Lake

Iliamna Lake or Lake Iliamna (Yup'ik: Nanvarpak; Dena'ina Athabascan: Nila Vena) is a lake in southwest Alaska, at the north end of the Alaska Peninsula, between Kvichak Bay and Cook Inlet, about 100 miles (160 km) west of Seldovia, Alaska.[1] It shares a name with the Iliamna River, which flows into it, and the nearby community of Iliamna, Alaska.

Iliamna Lake
Satellite image of Iliamna Lake
Location of Iliamna Lake in Alaska, USA.
Location of Iliamna Lake in Alaska, USA.
Iliamna Lake
Location of Iliamna Lake in Alaska, USA.
Location of Iliamna Lake in Alaska, USA.
Iliamna Lake
LocationLake and Peninsula Borough, Alaska
Coordinates59°32′12″N 155°01′28″W[1]
Lake typeoligotrophic
Native name
Primary inflowsNewhalen River, Iliamna River, Pile River, Copper River
Primary outflowsKvichak River
Basin countriesUnited States
Max. length77 mi (124 km)[2]
Max. width22 mi (35 km)[2]
Surface area1,012.5 sq mi (2,622 km2)[2]
Average depth144 ft (44 m)[2]
Max. depth988 ft (301 m)[2]
Water volume115.5 km3 (27.7 cu mi)[2]
Residence time7.8 years[2]
Surface elevation46 ft (14 m)[1]
SettlementsIliamna, Newhalen, Kokhanok, Pedro Bay, Igiugig
References[1][2]

It is the largest lake in Alaska, 7th largest lake in the United States, and twenty-fourth in North America. Covering about 2,600 km2 (1,000 sq mi), Iliamna Lake is 77 miles (124 km) long and up to 22 miles (35 km) wide, with a maximum depth of 988 feet (301 m). Through the Kvichak River, its waters drain into Bristol Bay.[3]

History
Location of Iliamna in Alaska

Name

The lake is marked as 'Oz[ero] Bol[shoy] Ilyamna' (Big Ilyamna Lake) on the Russian Hydrographical Department's Chart 1455, published in 1852. On an earlier Russian map, from 1802, the lake was named 'Oz[ero] Shelekhovo' (Lake Shelekov) after Russian explorer Grigory Shelekhov. According to G.C. Martin, of the United States Geological Survey, Iliamna is said to be "the name of a mythical great blackfish supposed to inhabit this lake, which bites holes in the bidarkas of bad natives."[1]

Men pose by the lake with their reindeer, 1917

The name Iliamna is derived from the Inland Dena'ina Athabascan name Nila Vena, which means island's lake.[4]

Economy

Williamsport-Pile Bay Road portage

Originally constructed by the Alaska Road Commission during the mid 1930s, the Williamsport-Pile Bay Road is a utility-class road maintained by the Alaska Department of Transportation & Public Facilities. Connecting Pile Bay on the lake's northeast side with Williamsport, a tiny settlement on the Iliamna Bay of Cook Inlet (about 100 miles (160 km) southwest of Homer), the road is 15.5 miles (24.9 km) long and one lane wide with four bridges. The Williamsport-Pile Bay Road is maintained as a gravel utility road for the purpose of hauling boats and freight, and is not intended for general purpose use. The road allows boats small enough to be hauled across the road's bridges an opportunity to portage from Cook Inlet to Bristol Bay, saving a trip on the open ocean which involves traveling around the Alaska Peninsula. For this and other reasons, the road is also believed to significantly reduce fuel costs for the Lake Iliamna and Bristol Bay regions.

Populated places

The villages of Iliamna, Newhalen, Kokhanok, Pedro Bay, Pope-Vannoy Landing and Igiugig lie on the shores of Iliamna Lake.

Flora and fauna

Iliamna Lake is noted for its sport fishing. The three primary targets of anglers in the lake are trout, salmon, and grayling. August through September is prime time for catching fat rainbow trout, some of which exceed 28 inches long. The Kvichak River Policy (the drainage of Lake Iliamna) is catch and release on trout (and all other native fish), but not on salmon. Sockeye (red) and Chinook (king) salmon are consistently found in the lake and are open to harvest under Alaska Department of Fish and Game Regulations. Lake Iliamna also has one of few populations of freshwater seals in the world.[5] It also serves as a nursery for the largest red salmon run in the world. Red salmon spend half of their 5-year lifespan in fresh water. This is longer than any other species of salmon.

Monster Legend

Local residents have a number of stories about the alleged Iliamna Lake Monster, an unknown aquatic creature.[6] Speculation exists that reported sightings may be of an undocumented population of white sturgeon. If true, this would be the most northerly population known to exist, just a few hundred miles from the Arctic Circle. Jeremy Wade, presenter of Animal Planet's River Monsters, is among those who speculate these sightings of a reputed "monster" are of a white sturgeon. Others believe that it is a Pacific sleeper shark. Evidence of this is corroborated by a 2012 YouTube video that shows a smaller Pacific sleeper shark in Lake Iliamna. There were several new sightings in 2017. The Anchorage Daily News once offered a prize of $100,000 for concrete proof of its existence.

See also

References
  1. U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Iliamna Lake
  2. Mathisen, Ole A.; Norma Jean Sands; Norma Haubenstock (July 2002). "Trophic ranking of biota in Iliamna Lake, Alaska" (PDF). Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. Stuttgart. 28: 1060–1065. Retrieved 2008-11-13.
  3. "Profile of the People and Land of the United States". US Department of Interior, National Atlas of the United States. Archived from the original on 2012-09-15.
  4. Kari, James; Russell Kari, Priscilla (1982). Dena'ina E\nena: Tanaina Country. Alaska Native Language Center. p. 17.
  5. "Resident Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina) in Iliamna Lake, Alaska: Summer Diet and Partial Consumption of Adult Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)", Aquatic Mammals, July 2008.
  6. "Pride of Bristol Bay: Catching the Iliamna Lake Monster". 28 October 2020.
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