Innsbruck, ich muss dich lassen

"Innsbruck, ich muss dich lassen" ("Innsbruck, I must leave thee") is a German Renaissance song. It was first published as a choral movement by the Franco-Flemish composer Heinrich Isaac (ca. 1450–1517); the melody was probably written by him. The lyricist is unknown; an authorship of Emperor Maximilian I, as was previously assumed, seems highly unlikely. Chester Lee Alwes writes that the song "became the gold standard of the Lied genre".[1]

"Innsbruck, ich muss dich lassen"
Renaissance song
English"Innsbruck, I must leave thee"
LanguageGerman
Composed1485 (1485)

Melody

There has been doubt whether the melody was in fact written by Heinrich Isaac or copied from earlier tunes. The melody was later used in a Lutheran chorale, "O Welt, ich muß dich lassen", and still appears in modern English-language hymnals under the name "Innsbruck", to a wide variety of text, of which the most common one is "The duteous day now closeth",[2] a paraphrase of Paul Gerhardt's "Nun ruhen alle Wälder.[3]

The song exists in two different four-part settings by Heinrich Isaac: a Diskantlied with the melody in the soprano part (transcribed below),[4] and a Tenorlied with the cantus firmus in the tenor part.

<< << \new Staff { \clef treble \time 4/2 \key f \major \set Staff.midiInstrument = "flute" \omit Staff.TimeSignature \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \override Score.BarNumber #'transparent = ##t \relative c' << { r1 f1 | f2 g a1 | c bes | a r2 a2 | c2. bes4 g1 | a f | e r2 f2 | g f e f | g1 r2 g2 | f g a1 | c bes | a r2 a2 | c2. bes4 g1 | a f | e r2 e2 | f g a1 | bes2. a4 g f g2~ | g4 f f1 e2 | f1 r2 e2 | f g a1 | bes2. a4 g f g2~ | g4 f f1 e2 | \cadenzaOn \override Staff.NoteHead.style = #'baroque f\longa \bar"|." } \\ { \override Staff.NoteHead.style = #'baroque c\breve \revert Staff.NoteHead.style | d2 e f1 | c2 f1 e2 | f1 r2 c2 | a a bes1 | a2 a1 g4 f | g1 r2 d'2 | d d c d | bes1 r2 d2 | d2 e f1 | c2 f1 e2 | f1 r2 c2 | a a bes1 | a2 a1 g4 f | g1 r2 g'2 | f e f1 | f2. e4 d c d2 | c bes c1 | c1 r2 g'2 | f e f1 | f2. e4 d c d2 | c bes c1 | \override Staff.NoteHead.style = #'baroque a\longa } >> } \new Lyrics \lyricmode { ""1 IS1 -- bruck,2 ich2 muss1 dich1 las -- sen,1. ich2 far2. da4 -- hin1 mein stras -- sen1. in2 frem -- de land da -- hin.1. Mein2 freud ist mir1 ge -- no -- men,1. die2 ich2. nit4 weiss1 be -- kum -- men,1. wo2 ich im e1 -- "" -- "" -- ""2 -- lend1. bin, wo2 ich im e1 -- "" -- "" -- ""2 -- lend1. bin, } \new Staff { \clef bass \key f \major \set Staff.midiInstrument = "flute" \omit Staff.TimeSignature \relative c << { r1 f1 | a2 bes c1 | a bes | c r2 c2 | c2. d4 es1 | d2 c1 b2 | c1 r2 a2 | bes a g a | g1 r2 g2 | a2 bes c1 | a bes | c r2 c2 | c2. d4 es1 | d2 c1 b2 | c1 r2 c2 | a bes c1 | d2 bes2. a4 g f | e2 f g1 | f r2 c'2 | a bes c1 | d2 bes2. a4 g f | e2 f g1 | \override Staff.NoteHead.style = #'baroque f\longa } \\ { \override Staff.NoteHead.style = #'baroque f\breve \revert Staff.NoteHead.style | d2 g f a | a g4 f g1 | f r2 f2 | f f es1 | f d | c r2 d2 | g, d' e d | g,1 r2 g'2 | d2 g f a | a g4 f g1 | f r2 f2 | f f es1 | f d | c r2 c2 | d g f1 | bes, r2 bes2 | c d c1 | f, r2 c'2 | d g f1 | bes, r2 bes2 | c d c1 | \override Staff.NoteHead.style = #'baroque f,\longa} >> } >> >> \layout { indent = #0 } \midi { \tempo 2 = 108 }

The hymn "In allen meinen Taten" by Paul Fleming (1609–1640) was written for the same melody. Johann Sebastian Bach used it in several cantatas, especially in the chorale cantata In allen meinen Taten, BWV 97 (1734).

Lyrics

The song is famously associated with the city of Innsbruck in Tyrol (in modern-day Austria). The lyrics express sorrow at having to leave a post at court, as the singer is forced to abandon his love and to depart to a foreign country. He promises her faithfulness and commends her to God's protection. Though Heinrich Isaac indeed spent some time in Innsbruck, the text was probably not written by him.

The stanzaic form consists of six iambic trimeters with a A–A–B–C–C–B rhyme scheme.

See also

References

Notes

  1. Alwes, Chester Lee (2015). A History of Western Choral Music. Oxford University Press. p. 66. ISBN 978-0-19-936193-9. Retrieved 10 December 2022.
  2. "Tune: 'Innsbruck'". Hymnary.org. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
  3. "The duteous day now closeth". The Canterbury Dictionary of Hymnology. Canterbury Press.
  4. Denkmäler der Tonkunst in Österreich, Vol. 28, Vienna: Österreichischer Bundesverlag, 1907, p. 15
  5. Caesar Flaischlen (1864–1920), ed. (2015) [1925]. Das Buch unserer deutschen Dichtung: Die Frühzeit (1500–1800). p. 159. ISBN 9783846087152.
  6. "Elend", Das Wörterbuch der Idiome [Lexicon of Idioms], deacademic.com

Sources

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