Intertrappean Beds

The Intertrappean Beds are a Late Cretaceous geologic formation in India. The beds are found as interbeds between Deccan Traps layers. Indeterminate theropod and pterosaur remains have been recovered from the formation, as well as dinosaur eggs.[1][2] The mammal genera Deccanolestes, Sahnitherium, Bharattherium, and Kharmerungulatum have been recovered from it as well.[3] A rich plant flora is known from the formation.

Intertrappean Beds
Stratigraphic range:
TypeGeological formation
Unit ofDeccan Traps
OverliesInfratrappean Beds
Location
RegionAndhra Pradesh
CountryIndia

Paleobiota

Amphibians
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Indobatrachus I. pusillus Worli Hill Multiple complete specimens[4] A frog

Turtles
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Carteremys C. leithii Worli Hill Carapace, plastron, skull and partial mandible A turtle of uncertain affinities
Sankuchemys S. sethnai Amboli Quarry[5] Skull[5] A bothremydid

Lepidosaurs
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Deccansaurus D. palaeoindicus Kesavi locality[6] Jaws & several osteoderms[6] A scincoid
Indophis I. sahnii Naskal microvertebrate site[7] Over 160 vertebrae[7] A snake
Serpentes Incertae sedis Naskal microvertebrate site[7] A trunk vertebra & left dentary[7] A snake

Mammals
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Bharattherium B. bonapartei Kisalpuri Sudamericid
Deccanolestes D. hislopi Naskal microvertebrate site Molars, calcanea, astralgi, humerus, ulna Eutherian
D. robustus Naskal microvertebrate site "Dental material and an astragalus"
D. narmadensis Kisalpuri
Kharmerungulatum K. vanvaleni Kisalpuri[8]
Dakshina D. jederi Naskal microvertebrate site Teeth Sudamericid
Sahnitherium S. rangapurensis Rangapur microvertebrate site[9] Upper Molar Eutherian

Flora
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images
Connaroxylon C. dimorphum Dhagaon, Mandla district[10] Wood[10] Affinities with Connaraceae.
Euphorbiotheca E. deccanensis Fruit, member of Euphorbiaceae[11]
Hyphaeneocarpon Fruit, member of palm tribe Borasseae.[12]
Palmocarpon Fruit, member of palm tribe Cocoseae.[13]
Palmoxylon P. dindoriensis Wood, member of palm subfamily Coryphoideae.[14]
Pantocarpon Fruit, member of Torricelliaceae[15]
Phyllanthocarpon P. singpurensis Fruit, member of Phyllanthaceae.[16]
Rhizopalamoxylon Palm rhizome, close affinities to Nypa.[17]

See also

Footnotes
  1. Weishampel, et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution." Pp. 517-607.
  2. Barrett, P.M., Butler, R.J., Edwards, N.P., & Milner, A.R. Pterosaur distribution in time and space: an atlas. p61-107. in Flugsaurier: Pterosaur papers in honour of Peter Wellnhofer. 2008. Hone, D.W.E., and Buffetaut, E. (eds). Zitteliana B, 28. 264pp.
  3. "MESOZOIC MAMMALS; Basal Eutheria Two, an internet directory". Archived from the original on 2011-06-07. Retrieved 2008-05-04.
  4. Noble, G. K. (1930-02-08). "The fossil frogs of the intertrappean beds of Bombay, India". American Museum Novitates (401): 1–13.
  5. Gaffney, Eugene S. (2003). Sankuchemys, a new side-necked turtle (Pelomedusoides, Bothremydidae) from the late Cretaceous of India. New York, NY: American Museum of Natural History.
  6. Yadav, Ravi; Bajpai, Sunil; Maurya, A.S.; Čerňanský, Andrej (June 2023). "The first potential cordyliform (Squamata, Scincoidea) from India (uppermost Cretaceous – lowermost Paleocene): an African lizard clade brings possible implications for Indo-Madagascar biogeographic links". Cretaceous Research: 105606. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105606.
  7. Rage, Jean-Claude; Prasad, Guntupalli V. R. (November 1992). "New snakes from the late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of Naskal, India". N. Jb. Geol. Palaeont. Abh. 187 (1): 83–97.
  8. Prasad, G. V. R.; Verma, O.; Sahni, A.; Parmar, V.; Khosla, A. (2007-11-09). "A Cretaceous Hoofed Mammal from India". Science. 318 (5852): 937–937. doi:10.1126/science.1149267. ISSN 0036-8075.
  9. Rana, Rajendra S.; Wilson, Gregory P. (2003). "New Late Cretaceous mammals from the Intertrappean beds of Rangapur, India and paleobiogeographic framework". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 48 (3): 331–348.
  10. Baas, Pieter; Manchester, Steven R.; Wheeler, Elisabeth A.; Srivastava, Rashmi (2017-02-13). "Fossil wood with dimorphic fibers from the Deccan Intertrappean Beds of India – the oldest fossil Connaraceae?". IAWA Journal. 38 (1): 124–133. doi:10.1163/22941932-20170162. ISSN 0928-1541. S2CID 91159009.
  11. Reback, Rachel G.; Kapgate, Dashrath K.; Wurdack, Ken; Manchester, Steven R. (2022-02-01). "Fruits of Euphorbiaceae from the Late Cretaceous Deccan Intertrappean Beds of India". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 183 (2): 128–138. doi:10.1086/717691. ISSN 1058-5893. S2CID 239507275.
  12. Matsunaga, Kelly K S; Manchester, Steven R; Srivastava, Rashmi; Kapgate, Dashrath K; Smith, Selena Y (2019-06-21). "Fossil palm fruits from India indicate a Cretaceous origin of Arecaceae tribe Borasseae". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 190 (3): 260–280. doi:10.1093/botlinnean/boz019. ISSN 0024-4074.
  13. Manchester, Steven R.; Bonde, Suresh D.; Nipunage, Dinesh S.; Srivatava, Rashmi; Mehrotra, Rakesh C.; Smith, Selena Y. (2016-07-19). "Trilocular Palm Fruits from the Deccan Intertrappean Beds of India". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 177 (7): 633–641. doi:10.1086/687290. ISSN 1058-5893. S2CID 88667232.
  14. Khan, Mahasin Ali; Roy, Kaustav; Hazra, Taposhi; Mahato, Sumana; Bera, Subir (2020-01-01). "A New Coryphoid Palm from the Maastrichtian-Danian Sediments of Madhya Pradesh and its Palaeoenvironmental Implications". Journal of the Geological Society of India. 95 (1): 75–83. doi:10.1007/s12594-020-1388-1. ISSN 0974-6889. S2CID 210134584.
  15. Manchester, Steven R.; Kapgate, Dashrath K.; Patil, Sharadkumar P.; Ramteke, Deepak; Matsunaga, Kelly K.S.; Smith, Selena Y. (2019-10-23). "Morphology and Affinities of Pantocarpon Fruits (cf. Apiales: Torricelliaceae) from the Maastrichtian Deccan Intertrappean Beds of Central India". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 181 (4): 443–451. doi:10.1086/706856. ISSN 1058-5893.
  16. Kapgate, Dashrath; Manchester, Steven R.; Stuppy, Wolfgang (2017-06-01). "Oldest fruit of Phyllanthaceae from the Deccan Intertrappean Beds of Singpur, Madhya Pradesh, India" (PDF). Acta Palaeobotanica. 57 (1): 33–38. doi:10.1515/acpa-2017-0004. ISSN 2082-0259.
  17. Kathal, P. K.; Srivastava, Rashmi; Mehrotra, R. C.; Alexander, P. O. (2017-03-29). "Rhizopalmoxylon nypoides – a new palm root from the Deccan Intertrappean beds of Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India". Journal of Earth System Science. 126 (3): 35. Bibcode:2017JESS..126...35K. doi:10.1007/s12040-017-0815-1. ISSN 0973-774X.

References
  • Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. 861 pp. ISBN 0-520-24209-2.
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