Hong Kong International Convention for the safe and environmentally sound recycling of ships

The Hong Kong International Convention for the safe and environmentally sound recycling of ships, or Hong Kong Convention, is a multilateral convention adopted in 2009, which has not entered into force. The conference that created the convention was attended by 63 countries, and overseen by the International Maritime Organization (IMO).

Hong Kong Convention
Hong Kong International Convention for the safe and environmentally sound recycling of ships
  Parties
  Signatories that did not ratify
Signed15 May 2009 (2009-05-15)
LocationHong Kong
EffectiveNot effective[1]
Condition15 ratifications, representing 40% of the world merchant shipping by gross tonnage, and on average 3% of recycling tonnage for the previous 10 years[1]
Signatories5
Parties17[1][2]
DepositarySecretary-General of IMO
LanguagesArabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish

The convention has been designed to improve the health and safety of current ship breaking practices. Ship breaking is considered to be "amongst the most dangerous of occupations, with unacceptably high levels of fatalities, injuries and work-related diseases"[3] by the ILO as large ships are often beached and then dismantled by hand by workers with very little personal protective equipment (PPE). This is most common in Asia, with India, Bangladesh, China, and Pakistan holding the largest ship breaking yards.[4]

The Hong Kong Convention recognised that ship recycling is the most environmentally sound way to dispose of a ship at the end of its life, as most of the ship's materials can be reused. However, it sees current methods as unacceptable. The work sees many injuries and fatalities to workers, as they lack the correct safety equipment to handle the large ship correctly as it is dismantled and most vessels contain a large amount of hazardous materials such as asbestos, PCBs, TBT, and CFCs, which can also lead to highly life-threatening diseases such as mesothelioma and lung cancer.[5]

In advance of ratification of the Hong Kong Convention, the Industry Working Group on Ship Recycling issued Guidelines on Transitional Measures for Shipowners Selling Ships for Recycling.[6]

Inventory of Hazardous Materials

The Inventory of Hazardous Materials has been designed to try to minimise the dangers of these hazards. The Convention defines a hazard as: “any material or substance which is liable to create hazards to human health and/or the environment".[7]

All vessels over 500 gross tons (GT) have to comply with the convention once it comes into force. Each party that does wish to comply must restrict the use of hazardous materials on all ships that fly the flag of that party.[7]

New ships must all carry an Inventory of Hazardous Materials. The inventory will list all 'hazardous materials' on board the vessel, including their amounts and locations. Existing ships must comply no later than five years after the convention comes into force, or prior to being recycled if this occurs before the five-year period. The inventory will remain with a vessel throughout its lifespan, being updated as all new installations enter the ship, as these may potentially contain hazards. The presence of the inventory will then ensure the safety of crew members during the vessel's working life, and also the safety of workers during the recycling process.

Signature, ratification and accession

The convention was open for signature between 1 September 2009 and 31 August 2010, and remained open for accession afterwards. It will enter into force two years after "15 states, representing 40% of the world merchant shipping by gross tonnage, and on average 3% of recycling tonnage for the previous 10 years, have either signed it without reservation as to ratification, acceptance or approval, or have deposited instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession with the Secretary General".[1]

CriterionRequirementStatus
Number of Parties1520[8]
Gross Tonnage of Merchant Shipping40%30.16%[9]
Recycling tonnage in past 10 years3% (about 8.6 million tonnes in 2019)[10]13.9 million tonnes[1]
StateSignatureRatification/
Accession[1][11]		Entry into ForceTerritorial
Application
 Bangladesh 26 June 2023
 Belgium7 March 2016
 Croatia16 February 2021
 Denmark14 June 2017not applicable to Greenland and Faroe Islands
 Estonia25 April 2019
 France19 November 20092 July 2014full territory
 Germany16 July 2019
 Ghana2 August 2010
 India28 November 2019
 Italy2 August 2010
 Japan27 March 2019
Liberia 26 June 2023
 Malta14 March 2019
 Netherlands21 April 201020 February 2019including Caribbean Netherlands
 Norway26 June 2013
 Panama19 September 2016
 Portugal 28 March 2023
 Republic of the Congo19 May 2014
 Saint Kitts and Nevis27 August 2010
 Serbia22 March 2019
 Spain7 June 2021
 Turkey26 August 201031 January 2019

Transitional Guidelines

In advance of ratification of the Hong Kong Convention, the Industry Working Group on Ship Recycling in 2009 issued the first edition of Guidelines on Transitional Measures for Shipowners Selling Ships for Recycling. These are supported by maritime organizations: International Chamber of Shipping (ICS), the Baltic and International Maritime Council (BIMCO), the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS), Intercargo, the International Parcel Tankers Association (IPTA), Intertanko, the Oil Companies International Marine Forum (OCIMF), and the International Transport Workers' Federation (ITF). The Transitional Measures are also supported by the national shipowners' associations of Australia, Bahamas, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Cyprus, Denmark, Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Kuwait, Liberia, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Philippines, Russia, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom and United States.[6]

Relation to EU instruments

The EU Ship Recycling Regulation [12] entered into force on 30 December 2013. Although this regulation closely follows the Hong Kong convention, there are important differences. The Regulation sets out a number of requirements for European ships, European ship owners, ship recycling facilities willing to recycle European ships, and the relevant competent authorities or administrations. It also requires the Commission to adopt a number of acts implementing the Regulation (in particular the European List of ship recycling facilities authorized to recycle ships flying the Union flag). For the Inventory of Hazardous Materials required by the EU regulation, there are additional substances listed as prohibited.[13]

References
  1. "Status of Conventions - Comprehensive information including Signatories, Contracting States, declarations, reservations, objections and amendments" (PDF). www.imo.org. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
  2. "Status of Treaties" (PDF). IMO. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
  3. "IShip-breaking: a hazardous work". ilo.org. 15 June 2009. Retrieved 18 September 2017.
  4. Mikelis, Nikos (September 2007). "A statistical overview of ship recycling" (PDF). Retrieved 22 September 2010.
  5. "Mesothelioma: Questions and Answers - National Cancer Institute". Archived from the original on 6 September 2010. Retrieved 22 September 2010. Retrieved on 22 September 2010
  6. International Chamber of Shipping (2016). Shipping Industry Guidelines on Transitional Measures for Shipowners Selling Ships for Recycling - 2nd edition (Report). Marisec Publications.
  7. "HONG KONG INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE SAFE AND ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND RECYCLING OF SHIPS, 2009" (PDF). International Maritime Organization. 19 May 2009. Retrieved 22 September 2010.
  8. "Portugal accedes to ship recycling convention". International Maritime Organization. 30 March 2023.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  9. "Portugal accedes to ship recycling convention". IMO. 31 March 2023.
  10. Lim, Kitack (10 May 2019). "International seminar on ship recycling - towards the early entry into force of the Hong Kong convention (IMO Headquarters, London)". International Maritime Organization. Archived from the original on 18 July 2019.
  11. "recent ratifications". IMO. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
  12. "Ship recycling - Waste - Environment - European Commission". europa.eu. Retrieved 18 January 2017.
  13. "EUR-Lex - 52012PC0118 - EN - EUR-Lex". europa.eu. Retrieved 18 January 2017.
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