Ireland–Mexico relations

During the Spanish colonization of Mexico, several Spanish Viceroys were of Irish descent, including Juan O'Donojú, who was the last Spanish Viceroy.[1] Since Mexico gained independence, many Irish have immigrated to the country, contributing to its culture and development.[2] During the Mexican–American War (1846–1848), many Irish-American immigrants abandoned their posts to join Mexican forces due to their solidarity through shared discrimination, and persecution of their Catholic faith by protestant Americans.[3] One of the most popular Irish battalions during the war was that of the St. Patrick's Battalion, which fought for the Mexican side during both the Battle of Buena Vista and Battle of Churubusco in 1847, among others.[4]

On 10 January 1974, both nations established diplomatic relations.[5] At first, Mexico was accredited to Ireland from its embassy in London, and Ireland was accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C. In 1990, both nations agreed to open resident diplomatic missions and, in June 1991, Mexico opened its embassy on Raglan Road, Dublin; Ireland followed suit, opening its embassy in Mexico City in September 1999.[5]

On 20 March 2013, Irish President Michael D. Higgins and then-Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto held a bilateral meeting in Rome, the day after the papal inauguration of Pope Francis. Peña Nieto invited Higgins to visit Mexico,[6] with the Irish president embarking on a four-day, official visit from 19–24 October 2013; the trip was included as part of a broader goodwill visit to Central America, in which Higgins also traveled to El Salvador and Costa Rica.[7][8]

In 2015, both nations celebrated 40 years since the commencement of their diplomatic relations. In 2017, both nations held their 6th bilateral consultation, in matters of mutual interest, in Dublin.[9]

In October 2022, Mexican Foreign Undersecretary Carmen Moreno Toscano, paid a visit to Ireland to attend the VIII political consultation reunion between both nations. During the reunion, both nations agreed on deepening bilateral collaboration on issues such as health, trade and investment promotion, diaspora and international migration.[10]

Commemorative plaque placed at the San Jacinto Plaza in Mexico City. It states: "In memory of the Irish soldiers of the heroic St. Patrick's Battalion, martyrs who gave their lives for Mexico during the unjust invasion by the United States of 1847."

High-level visits from Ireland to Mexico[11]

• Foreign Minister Gerry Collins (1991)
• Taoiseach Albert Reynolds (1994)
• President Mary McAleese (1999)
• Taoiseach Bertie Ahern (2003, 2004)
• Foreign Minister Micheál Martin (2009)
• President Michael D. Higgins (2013)

High-level visits from Mexico to Ireland

• Foreign Minister Fernando Solana (1990, 1992)
• Foreign Undersecretary Andrés Rozental Gutman (April & May 1991)
• Foreign Undersecretary Javier Barros Valero (1992)
• Foreign Minister Rosario Green (1999)
• President Vicente Fox (2002)
• Foreign Undersecretary Lourdes Aranda Bezaury (2006, 2010)
• Minister of Health Salomón Chertorivski Woldenberg (2012)
• Minister of the Economy Idelfonso Guajardo (2014)
• Foreign Undersecretary Carlos de Icaza (2017)
• Foreign Undersecretary Carmen Moreno Toscano (2022)

Both nations have signed several bilateral agreements such as an Agreement on the Avoidance of Double-Taxation and Tax Evasion (1998); Agreement on Educational and Cultural Cooperation (1999); Memorandum of Understanding for the Establishment of a Mechanism of Consultation in Matters of Mutual Interest (2006); Memorandum of Understanding for Cooperation between the Mexican Secretariat of Foreign Affairs and Trinity College Dublin (2003) and an Agreement of Cooperation between Dublin and Mexico City (2015).[12]

In 1997, Mexico signed a Free Trade Agreement with the European Union (which includes Ireland). Mexico was Ireland's 21st largest export market in 2007. In 2018, two-way trade between both nations amounted to US$2.1 billion.[13] Ireland's main exports to Mexico include: pharmaceutical and health products such as medicines, machines and chemicals; milk based products and electronics while Mexico's main exports to Ireland include: artery and veins prosthetics, alcohol (beer), lemons, airplane parts and circuits.[13] In 2008, the Irish Government opened an Enterprise Ireland office in Mexico.[14][15] Irish multinational companies such as Kerry Group, Ryanair and Smurfit Kappa operate in Mexico. Mexican multinational company Cemex operates in Ireland.[12]

In 2013, Europol claimed that "…Mexican drug cartels are targeting Ireland and mainland Europe for their cocaine and cannabis trade," and that there was "…evidence of Mexican cartels using Ireland as a staging post for bringing drug shipments into Europe."[16]

In 2016, it was revealed that an Irish gangland leader, Christy Kinahan, was working with the Sinaloa cartel to import cocaine from Peru.[17]

• Ireland has an embassy in Mexico City.[18]
• Mexico has an embassy in Dublin.[19]

• 
  Embassy of Ireland in Mexico City
• 
  Embassy of Mexico in Dublin

• Irish immigration to Mexico
• San Patricio, Jalisco

• Mexican Ministry of Foreign Affairs on diplomatic relations between Mexico and Ireland (in Spanish)