Iris nectarifera

Iris nectarifera is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris and in the Oncocyclus section. It is found in Iraq, Syria and southeastern Turkey. It has yellow or cream flowers which have purple veining, a purple signal patch and a yellow beard. It has a known variety from Turkey called I. nectarifera var. mardinensis.[1][2][3][4][5]

Iris nectarifera
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Iridaceae
Genus: Iris
Species:
I. nectarifera
Binomial name
Iris nectarifera
Güner

Description

I. nectarifera has a stout rhizome with long stolons.[2][6]

It has 6-8 leaves which are 0.8–0.13 cm (0–0 in) wide and falcate (sickle-shaped).[6][2]

Over all the plant can grow up to 25–53 cm (10–21 in) tall,[2][1] with flowers blooming in April. They are 13–16 cm (5–6 in) in diameter and flushed purple on a white or yellowish base.[6][2][1]

The flowers are similar in form to Iris sari (from Turkey) but Iris nectarifera has more characteristic stoloniferous roots and the flowers are also similar in form to Iris heylandiana from Northern Iraq.[6]

Like other irises, the flowers have 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals, known as the 'standards'.[7] The standards are paler in colour than the falls.[6] The standards are obovate shaped, slightly purple veined,[2] 7–8.5 cm (3–3 in) long and 3.7–4.2 cm (1–2 in) wide.[6] The falls are lanceolate or narrowly elliptic shaped, 6–7.5 cm (2–3 in) long and 2.3–2.5 cm (1–1 in) wide.[6][2] They are heavily veined with brownish-maroon[1] or deep purple signal patch,[6] in the middle with a narrow strip of yellow hairs about 0.8 cm wide,[2] (or beard).[1] It has a nectary on each side of the base of the falls and 3.5–4.5 cm (1–2 in) long,[2] style arms with erect to recurved lobes,[6] The perianth tube is 2–4 cm (1–2 in) cm long.[6][2]

It has a green bract (modified leaf) and bracteole which is 7–9.5 cm (3–4 in) long.[2]

After the plant has flowered, it produces a fruit/seed capsule which is 4.5–6.5 cm (2–3 in) long,[6] which is fusiform shaped and contains 0.7–1 cm (0–0 in) long seeds which are rugose (wrinkled) with a large aril (coating).[2]

Biochemistry

As most irises are diploid, meaning having two sets of chromosomes. This can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.[7] It's chromosomes have not yet been counted.

Taxonomy

I. nectarifera is known as 'Ballı kurtkulağı' in Turkish.[2]

It was first published and described by Adil Güner in 'Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh' (Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh) Vol.38 on page 413 in 1980.[8][3][9]

It is an RHS accepted name and was last-listed in the RHS Plant Finder in 2009.

There is a known variety called I. nectarifera var. mardinensis Guner[1][10][11] which has thinner leaves than I. nectarifera var. nectarifera, which are 0.8-0.9 cm wide and it has a perianth tube which is 2.0-2.5 cm long.[6][2] It was found in Turkey and also published and described by Guner in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 38(3): 413 (1980).[10] The specific epithet mardinensis refers to the Turkish city of Mardin in Turkish Kurdistan.[12]

Distribution and habitat

It is native to temperate Western Asia.[3]

Range

It is found in mainly in Turkey,[4][9][13] but also in Syria[1] and Iraq.[2][3]

Habitat

It grows on terra rossa (soil) on the steppes.[6]

Cultivation

In cultivation, its growing requirement are similar to the nearby found Iris gatesii (from the mountains of Turkey and Iraq).[6]

Propagation

Irises can generally be propagated by division,[14] or by seed growing.

Toxicity

Like many other irises, most parts of the plant are poisonous (rhizome and leaves), if mistakenly ingested, it can cause stomach pains and vomiting. Also handling the plant may cause a skin irritation or an allergic reaction.[15]

References
  1. "Iris summary" (PDF). pacificbulbsociety.org. 14 April 2014. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
  2. "Iris nectarifera". türkiyebitkileri.com. Retrieved 22 January 2020.
  3. "Taxon: Iris nectarifera Guner". isoplexis.uma.pt. Retrieved 23 January 2020.
  4. "Iris nectarifera". rhs.org. Retrieved 22 January 2020.
  5. Davis, P. H., ed. 1965-1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
  6. British Iris Society A Guide to Species Irises:Their Identification and Cultivation (1997), p. 82, at Google Books
  7. Austin, Claire (2005). Irises: A Gardener's Encyclopedia. Timber Press, Incorporated. ISBN 978-0881927306. OL 8176432M.
  8. "Iris nectarifera Güner is an accepted name". theplantlist. Retrieved 22 January 2020.
  9. "Iris nectarifera | International Plant Names Index". www.ipni.org. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
  10. "Iris nectarifera var. mardinensis | International Plant Names Index". www.ipni.org. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
  11. Dönmez, Emel Oybak; Işik, Serap (2008). "Pollen morphology of Turkish Amaryllidaceae, Ixioliriaceae and Iridaceae". Grana. 47 (1): 15–38. doi:10.1080/00173130701860104. S2CID 85120306.
  12. Kaya, Ayla; Demirci, Betul; Doğu, Suleyman; Dinç, Muhittin (2017). "Composition of the essential oil of Stachys sericantha, S. gaziantepensis and S. mardinensis (Lamiaceae) from Turkey". International Journal of Food Properties. 20 (11): 2639–2644. doi:10.1080/10942912.2016.1247100.
  13. Dominguez, Rafael Diez (28 July 2008). "Iris nectarifera subsp. nectarifera". signa.org (Species Iris Group of North America). Retrieved 20 August 2020.
  14. "How to divide iris rhizomes". gardenersworld.com. Retrieved 12 October 2015.
  15. David G Spoerke and Susan C. Smolinske Toxicity of Houseplants , p. 236, at Google Books
  • Mathew, B. 1981. The Iris. 55–56.
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