Isaiah 54

Isaiah 54
Isaiah 54
← chapter 53 chapter 55 →
	The Great Isaiah Scroll, the best preserved of the biblical scrolls found at Qumran from the second century BC, contains all the verses in this chapter.
Book	Book of Isaiah
Hebrew Bible part	Nevi'im
Order in the Hebrew part	5
Category	Latter Prophets
Christian Bible part	Old Testament
Order in the Christian part	23

Isaiah 54 is the fifty-fourth chapter of the Book of Isaiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Isaiah, and is one of the Books of the Prophets. Chapters 40-55 are known as "Deutero-Isaiah" and date from the time of the Israelites' exile in Babylon.

Text

The original text was written in Hebrew language. This chapter is divided into 17 verses.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets (916), Aleppo Codex (10th century), Codex Leningradensis (1008).[1]

Fragments containing parts of this chapter were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls (3rd century BC or later):

1QIsa^a: complete
1QIsa^b: extant verses 1–6
4QIsa^c (4Q57): extant verses 3–17
4QIsa^d (4Q58): extant verses 1–11
4QIsa^q (4Q69^a): extant verses 11–13

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; ${\mathfrak {G}}$ ^B; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: ${\mathfrak {G}}$ ^S; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A; ${\mathfrak {G}}$ ^A; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q; ${\mathfrak {G}}$ ^Q; 6th century).[2]

Parashot

The parashah sections listed here are based on the Aleppo Codex.[3] Isaiah 54 is a part of the Consolations (Isaiah 40 –66). {P}: open parashah; {S}: closed parashah.

{P} 54:1-8 {S} 54:9-10 {S} 54:11-17 {S}

Verse 1

Sing, O barren, thou that didst not bear;

break forth into singing, and cry aloud, thou that didst not travail with child:

for more are the children of the desolate than the children of the married wife,

saith the Lord.[4]

Cross reference: Isaiah 62:4; Genesis 20:3; Deuteronomy 22:22[5]

Cited in Galatians 4:27[6] to highlight 'the contrast between the spiritual and the earthly Jerusalem', that is, between 'the church of Christ and the Jewish community'.[5]

Verse 8

In a little wrath

I hid My face from you for a moment;

but with everlasting kindness

I will have mercy on you,

says the Lord your Redeemer.[7]

"In a little wrath": from Hebrew בְּשֶׁ֣צֶף קֶ֗צֶף, bə-she-tsep̄ qe-tsep̄,[8] with the 'rhetorical emphasis of rhyme', literally, "in a gush or burst of wrath", which, although terrible at the time, but lasts only for a moment.[9]

Verse 9

For this is as the waters of Noah to Me;

for as I have sworn that the waters of Noah should no longer cover the earth,

so I have sworn that I would not be wrathful with you nor rebuke you.[10]

Referring to the promise of God to Noah in Genesis 9:11,15

Verse 10

"For the mountains shall depart

And the hills be removed,

But My kindness shall not depart from you,

Nor shall My covenant of peace be removed,"

Says the Lord, who has mercy on you.[11]

The aftermath of the flood becomes 'the occasion for God to promise the continuance of his steadfast love ("kindness"; Hebrew: chesed) and of peace (Hebrew: shalom)'.[12]

Notes and references

Würthwein 1995, pp. 35–37.
Würthwein 1995, pp. 73–74.
As implemented in the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 edition of the Hebrew Bible in English.
Isaiah 54:1 KJV
Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges. Isaiah 54. Accessed 28 April 2019.
Note on Galatians 4:27 in MEV
Isaiah 54:8 MEV
Hebrew Text Analysis: Isaiah 54:8. Biblehub
Ellicott, C. J. (Ed.) 1905). Ellicott's Bible Commentary for English Readers. Isaiah 54. London : Cassell and Company, Limited, [1905-1906] Online version: (OCoLC) 929526708. Accessed 28 April 2019.
Isaiah 54:9 MEV
Isaiah 54:10 NKJV
Coggins 2007, p. 478.

Sources

Coggins, R (2007). "22. Isaiah". In Barton, John; Muddiman, John (eds.). The Oxford Bible Commentary (first (paperback) ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 433–486. ISBN 978-0199277186.
Würthwein, Ernst (1995). The Text of the Old Testament. Translated by Rhodes, Erroll F. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans. ISBN 0-8028-0788-7.

External links

Jewish

Isaiah 54 Original Hebrew with Parallel English

Christian

Isaiah 54 English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate

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[FOOTNOTEWürthwein199535–37-1] Würthwein 1995, pp. 35–37.

[FOOTNOTEWürthwein199573–74-2] Würthwein 1995, pp. 73–74.

[3] As implemented in the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 edition of the Hebrew Bible in English.

[4] Isaiah 54:1 KJV

[cambridgebible-5] Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges. Isaiah 54. Accessed 28 April 2019.

[6] Note on Galatians 4:27 in MEV

[7] Isaiah 54:8 MEV

[8] Hebrew Text Analysis: Isaiah 54:8. Biblehub

[ellicott-9] Ellicott, C. J. (Ed.) 1905). Ellicott's Bible Commentary for English Readers. Isaiah 54. London : Cassell and Company, Limited, [1905-1906] Online version: (OCoLC) 929526708. Accessed 28 April 2019.

[10] Isaiah 54:9 MEV

[11] Isaiah 54:10 NKJV

[FOOTNOTECoggins2007478-12] Coggins 2007, p. 478.