Isaiah 6

Isaiah 6
Isaiah 6
← chapter 5 chapter 7 →
	The Great Isaiah Scroll, the best preserved of the biblical scrolls found at Qumran dated c. 100–340 BCE, contains all the verses in this chapter.
Book	Book of Isaiah
Hebrew Bible part	Nevi'im
Order in the Hebrew part	5
Category	Latter Prophets
Christian Bible part	Old Testament
Order in the Christian part	23

Isaiah 6 is the sixth chapter of the Book of Isaiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Isaiah, and is one of the Books of the Prophets.[1] It records the calling of Isaiah to be the messenger of God to the people of Israel.[2]

Text

The original text was written in Hebrew language. This chapter is divided into 13 verses.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets (916), Aleppo Codex (10th century), Codex Leningradensis (1008).[3]

Fragments containing parts of this chapter were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls (3rd century BCE or later):

1QIsa^a: complete[4]
4QIsa^a (4Q55): extant: verses 4–7
4QIsa^f (4Q60): extant: verses 3–8, 10–13

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; ${\mathfrak {G}}$ ^B; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: ${\mathfrak {G}}$ ^S; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A; ${\mathfrak {G}}$ ^A; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q; ${\mathfrak {G}}$ ^Q; 6th century).[5]

Old Testament references

Isaiah 6:9–10: Isaiah 43:8; Isaiah 44:18–20

New Testament references

Isaiah 6:9–10: Matthew 13:14–15; Mark 4:12; Luke 8:10; John 12:40; Acts 28:26–27; Romans 11:8.[6]

Parashot

The parashah sections listed here are based on the Aleppo Codex.[7] Isaiah 6 is a part of the Prophecies about Judah and Israel (Isaiah 1 –12). {P}: open parashah.

{P} 6:1–13 {P}

In Jewish worship, the entire Isaiah 6 is part of the prophetic reading (Haftarah) on the Sabbath when Parasha Ytro, which includes the Ten Commandments, is read from the Torah.

Isaiah's vision of the Lord (6:1–7)

Verse 1

In the year that King Uzziah died, I saw the Lord sitting on a throne, high and lifted up, and the train of His robe filled the temple.[8]

Cross reference: 2 Chronicles 26:16–21

The date of the death of Uzziah has been estimated as around 740 BCE.[9][10] Archaeologist William F. Albright dated Uzziah's reign to 783 – 742 BCE.[11]

Verse 2

Depiction of a Seraph

Above him stood the seraphim. Each had six wings: with two he covered his face, and with two he covered his feet, and with two he flew.[12]

"Seraphim": described here as the 'messengers in the divine council', but has no real biblical parallel.[13] The root word ś-r-p, for Seraph, gives a portrayal of the 'burning ones'.[13]

Verse 3

And one called to another and said:

"Holy, holy, holy is the Lord of hosts;

the whole earth is full of his glory!"[14]

This verse is repeated several times in daily Jewish services, including the Kedushah prayer during the repetition of the Amidah, and is part of the Sanctus in Christian Eucharistic Prayer.[13]

Isaiah's commission from the Lord (6:8–13)

Verse 8

Also I heard the voice of the Lord, saying,

Whom shall I send,

and who will go for us?

Then said I,

Here am I; send me.[15]

"Us": the plural form refers to 'the entire divine assembly'.[16]
"Here am I; send me": This declaration is remarkable because it is in contrast to the despair Isaiah expresses in verse 5 and for the observation that his human voice is heard in the heavenly court (cf. 1 Kings 22:19–23; Revelation 5:1–14).[17] The Jerusalem Bible notes Abraham and Isaiah as examples of biblical characters who readily respond, and contrasts them with Moses and Jeremiah, whose response is hesitant.[18]

Verse 13

"But yet a tenth will be in it,

And will return and be for consuming,

As a terebinth tree or as an oak,

Whose stump remains when it is cut down.

So the holy seed shall be its stump."[19]

Cross reference: Isaiah 4:2; Isaiah 11:1; Isaiah 53:2; Jeremiah 23:5

Notes and references

Theodore Hiebert, et al. 1996. The New Interpreter's Bible: Volume VI. Nashville: Abingdon.
Kidner 1994, p. 637.
Würthwein 1995, pp. 35–37.
Isaiah Chapter 6 begins in the fifth column of the scroll (counting from the right), nine lines from the bottom, and continues into column six.
Würthwein 1995, pp. 73–74.
Alexander, Loveday (2007). "62. Acts". In Barton, John; Muddiman, John (eds.). The Oxford Bible Commentary (first (paperback) ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 1061. ISBN 978-0199277186. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
As reflected in the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 edition of the Hebrew Bible in English.
Isaiah 6:1 NKJV
Edwin R. Thiele, The Mysterious Numbers of the Hebrew Kings (3rd ed.; Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan/Kregel, 1983) 217
Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges on Isaiah 6, accessed 11 March 2018
Albright, William F. (1945). "The Chronology of the Divided Monarchy of Israel." Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research. No. 100 (Dec., 1945), pp. 16–22.
Isaiah 6:2 ESV
Coggins 2007, p. 443.
Isaiah 6:3 ESV
Isaiah 6:8 KJV
Coogan 2007, p. 987 Hebrew Bible.
Kidner 1994, p. 638.
Jerusalem Bible (1966), footnote k at Isaiah 6:9
Isaiah 6:13 NKJV

Sources

Coggins, R (2007). "22. Isaiah". In Barton, John; Muddiman, John (eds.). The Oxford Bible Commentary (first (paperback) ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 433–486. ISBN 978-0199277186. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
Coogan, Michael David (2007). Coogan, Michael David; Brettler, Marc Zvi; Newsom, Carol Ann; Perkins, Pheme (eds.). The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books: New Revised Standard Version, Issue 48 (Augmented 3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195288810.
Kidner, Derek (1994). "Isaiah". In Carson, D. A.; France, R. T.; Motyer, J. A.; Wenham, G. J. (eds.). New Bible Commentary: 21st Century Edition (4, illustrated, reprint, revised ed.). Inter-Varsity Press. pp. 629–670. ISBN 9780851106489.
Würthwein, Ernst (1995). The Text of the Old Testament. Translated by Rhodes, Erroll F. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans. ISBN 0-8028-0788-7. Retrieved January 26, 2019.

External links

Jewish

Isaiah 6: Hebrew with Parallel English

Christian

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[Hiebert-1] Theodore Hiebert, et al. 1996. The New Interpreter's Bible: Volume VI. Nashville: Abingdon.

[FOOTNOTEKidner1994637-2] Kidner 1994, p. 637.

[FOOTNOTEWürthwein199535–37-3] Würthwein 1995, pp. 35–37.

[4] Isaiah Chapter 6 begins in the fifth column of the scroll (counting from the right), nine lines from the bottom, and continues into column six.

[FOOTNOTEWürthwein199573–74-5] Würthwein 1995, pp. 73–74.

[6] Alexander, Loveday (2007). "62. Acts". In Barton, John; Muddiman, John (eds.). The Oxford Bible Commentary (first (paperback) ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 1061. ISBN 978-0199277186. Retrieved February 6, 2019.

[7] As reflected in the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 edition of the Hebrew Bible in English.

[8] Isaiah 6:1 NKJV

[9] Edwin R. Thiele, The Mysterious Numbers of the Hebrew Kings (3rd ed.; Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan/Kregel, 1983) 217

[10] Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges on Isaiah 6, accessed 11 March 2018

[11] Albright, William F. (1945). "The Chronology of the Divided Monarchy of Israel." Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research. No. 100 (Dec., 1945), pp. 16–22.

[12] Isaiah 6:2 ESV

[FOOTNOTECoggins2007443-13] Coggins 2007, p. 443.

[14] Isaiah 6:3 ESV

[15] Isaiah 6:8 KJV

[FOOTNOTECoogan2007987_Hebrew_Bible-16] Coogan 2007, p. 987 Hebrew Bible.

[FOOTNOTEKidner1994638-17] Kidner 1994, p. 638.

[18] Jerusalem Bible (1966), footnote k at Isaiah 6:9

[19] Isaiah 6:13 NKJV