Ischnoderma

Ischnoderma is a genus of polypore fungi. Species in the genus have dark brown and tomentose fruit bodies that become darker brown to black and smooth when mature. The genus, widespread in temperate regions, contains an estimated 10 species.[4]

Ischnoderma
Ischnoderma resinosum
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Fungi
Division:
Basidiomycota
Class:
Agaricomycetes
Order:
Polyporales
Family:
Fomitopsidaceae or Ischnodermataceae
Genus:
Ischnoderma

Type species
Ischnoderma resinosum
(Schrad.) P.Karst. (1879)
Synonyms[2]

Taxonomy

Ischnoderma was circumscribed by Finnish mycologist Petter Adolf Karsten in 1879.[1] Although Ischnoderma has traditionally been classified in the family Fomitopsidaceae,[4] Phylogenetic studies have demonstrated its isolated phylogenetic position in the Polyporales.[5][6] Justo and colleagues suggest that Ischnoderma would be better placed as the type genus of Ischnodermataceae,[6] a family originally proposed by Walter Jülich in 1981.[7] The generic name Ischnoderma combines the Ancient Greek words ισχνός ("dry") and δέρμα ("skin").[8]

Chemistry

The type species, I. resinosum, is used in mushroom dyeing to produce various shades of brown.[9] It has been shown to efficiently decolorize several structurally different synthetic dyes: amaranth, Remazol Brilliant Blue R, Phthalocyanine Blue BN, and Poly R-478.[10] Ischnoderma benzoinum has antiviral activity against type A influenza virus of birds and humans.[11]

Uses

Young, fleshy specimens of both I. resinosum and I. benzoinum may be cooked and eaten, but the species become hard and inedible later in life.[12]

Species
  • Ischnoderma albotextum (Lloyd) D.A.Reid (1973)[13]
  • Ischnoderma benzoinum (Wahlenb.) P.Karst. (1881)
  • Ischnoderma brasiliense Corner (1989)– Brazil[14]
  • Ischnoderma friabile Corner (1989) – Papua New Guinea[14]
  • Ischnoderma fuscum (Pilát) Rauschert (1990)[15]
  • Ischnoderma novo-guineense Imazeki (1952) – Japan[16]
  • Ischnoderma porphyrites Corner (1989) – Brazil[14]
  • Ischnoderma resinosum (Schrad.) P.Karst. (1879)
  • Ischnoderma rosulatum (G.Cunn.) P.K.Buchanan & Ryvarden (1988) – New Zealand[17]
  • Ischnoderma solomonense Corner (1989) – South Solomons[14]

References
  1. Karsten, P. (1879). "Symbolae ad Mycologiam Fennicam. VI". Meddelanden Af Societas Pro Fauna et Flora Fennica (in Latin). 5: 15–46.
  2. "Ischnoderma P. Karst. 1879". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2011-10-31.
  3. Pouzar, Z. (1990). "Additional notes on the taxonomy and nomenclature of Ischnoderma (Polyporaceae)". Ceská Mykologie. 44 (2): 92–100.
  4. Kirk, P.M.; Cannon, P.F.; Minter, D.W.; Stalpers, J.A. (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford, UK: CAB International. p. 345. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.
  5. Binder, Manfred; Justo, Alfredo; Riley, Robert; Salamov, Asaf; Lopez-Giraldez, Francesc; Sjökvist, Elisabet; Copeland, Alex; Foster, Brian; Sun, Hui; Larsson, Ellen; Larsson, Karl-Henrik; Townsend, Jeffrey; Grigoriev, Igor V.; Hibbett, David S. (2013). "Phylogenetic and phylogenomic overview of the Polyporales". Mycologia. 105 (6): 1350–1373. doi:10.3852/13-003. PMID 23935031. S2CID 20812924.
  6. Justo, Alfredo; Miettinen, Otto; Floudas, Dimitrios; Ortiz-Santana, Beatriz; Sjökvist, Elisabet; Lindner, Daniel; Nakasone, Karen; Niemelä, Tuomo; Larsson, Karl-Henrik; Ryvarden, Leif; Hibbett, David S. (2017). "A revised family-level classification of the Polyporales (Basidiomycota)". Fungal Biology. 121 (9): 798–824. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2017.05.010. PMID 28800851.
  7. Jülich, W. (1981). "Higher Taxa of Basidiomycetes". Bibliotheca Mycologica. 85. Vaduz, Germany: J. Cramer: 374. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  8. Donk, M.A. (1960). "The generic names proposed for Polyporaceae". Persoonia. 1 (2): 173–302.
  9. Bessette, A.R.; Bessette, A. (2001). The Rainbow Beneath My Feet: A Mushroom Dyer's Field Guide. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press. p. 106. ISBN 978-0-8156-0680-2.
  10. Eichlerová, I.; Homolka, L.; Nerud, F. (2006). "Evaluation of synthetic dye decolorization capacity in Ischnoderma resinosum". Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology. 33 (9): 759–766. doi:10.1007/s10295-006-0102-7. PMID 16491363. S2CID 11310827.
  11. Teplyakova, T.V.; Psurtseva, N.V.; Kosogova, T.A.; Mazurkova, N.A.; Khanin, V.A.; Vlasenko, V.A. (2012). "Antiviral activity of polyporoid mushrooms (higher Basidiomycetes) from Altai Mountains (Russia)". International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms. 14 (1): 37–4. doi:10.1615/intjmedmushr.v14.i1.40. PMID 22339706.
  12. Meuninck, Jim (2017). Foraging Mushrooms Oregon: Finding, Identifying, and Preparing Edible Wild Mushrooms. Falcon Guides. pp. 53–54. ISBN 978-1-4930-2669-2.
  13. Reid, D.A. (1973). "A reappraisal of type and authentic specimens of Basidiomycetes in the van der Byl herbarium, Stellenbosch". South African Journal of Botany. 39 (2): 141–178.
  14. Corner, E.J.H. (1989). Ad Polyporaceae V. Beheifte zur Nova Hedwigia. Vol. 96. Gebrüder Borntraeger Verlag. pp. 78–81. ISBN 978-3-443-51018-3.
  15. Rauschert, S. (1990). "Nomenklatorische Studien bei Höheren Pilzen. II. Porlinge (Polyporales s. lat.)". Feddes Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis (in German). 101: 639–644. doi:10.1002/fedr.4911011114.
  16. Imazeki, R. (1952). "A contribution to the fungous flora of Dutch New Guinea" (PDF). Bulletin of the Government Forest Experimental Station Meguro. 57: 87–128 (see p. 112).
  17. Buchanan, P.K.; Ryvarden, L. (1988). "Type studies in the Polyporaceae – 18. Species described by G.H. Cunningham". Mycotaxon. 31 (1): 1–38 (see p. 27).
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