John Thomas Scharf
John Thomas Scharf (May 1, 1843 – February 28, 1898) was an American historian, author, journalist, antiquarian, politician, lawyer and Confederate States of America soldier and sailor. He is best known for his published historical works. Modern historians and researchers cite his comprehensive histories as primary source materials.
John Thomas Scharf | |
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| Born | May 1, 1843 Baltimore, Maryland, US |
| Died | February 28, 1898 (aged 54) New York City, US |
| Nationality | American |
| Education | M.A., LL.D. |
| Alma mater | Georgetown University |
| Occupation(s) | historian, journalist, antiquarian, politician, lawyer and confederate states of america soldier and sailor |
| Known for | Comprehensive histories |
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Scharf used a formulaic and detailed approach to preparing his historical works. He contacted everyone who could provide information about his subject and used detail questionnaires to capture responses to his inquiries.[1] The J. Thomas Scharf Collection, 1730s–1892, held by the Maryland Historical Society, shows off his massive collection of original source materials.[2]
Scharf was one of the first American historians to consistently use newspapers as a primary source. Rather than trying to analyze the source material, he often quoted at length from newspapers, magazines, pamphlets, and state and city documents. His books are written in the flowery style of his day, and several of his works, although long, are still considered among the best primary sources available. When writing about the American Civil War, the central event of his generation, he could not remain objective, and clearly articulated his strong pro-South perspective and prejudice about the war he fought. Still, his History of the Confederate States Navy remains a particularly valuable contribution to the literature of the American Civil War.[1]
At the outbreak of the war, Scharf enlisted with the 1st Maryland Artillery. He fought in the Confederate States Army and Navy.[2] Returning from the war, Scharf helped reorganize the Maryland state militia. He practiced law and took positions as a city editor for the Baltimore Evening News and managing editor for the Baltimore Sunday Telegram. He accumulated a mass of papers on the city of Baltimore and from these he published his first major work, The Chronicles of Baltimore.[3]
In 1878, Scharf, a Democrat from Baltimore City-District 2, was elected and served one term in the Maryland General Assembly, House of Delegates.[4] He served as Commissioner of the Land Office of Maryland from 1884 until 1892 and was an active member of the Maryland Historical Society. In the year before he died he was dismissed from his position as "Special Chinese Inspector" for the Southern District of New York,[5][6] a post charged with enforcing the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and the Geary Act of 1892.
Works
- Scharf, J. Thomas (John Thomas) (1874). The chronicles of Baltimore : being a complete history of "Baltimore town" and Baltimore city from the earliest period to the present time. Baltimore : Turnbull Bros. Retrieved July 16, 2019.
- —— (1879). History of Maryland, from the earliest period to the present day. Baltimore : J.B. Piet. Retrieved July 16, 2019.
- —— (1882). History of western Maryland : being a history of Frederick, Montgomery, Carroll, Washington, Allegany, and Garrett counties from the earliest period to the present day ; including biographical sketches of their representative men. Philadelphia : L. H. Everts. Retrieved July 16, 2019.
- —— (1883). History of Saint Louis City and County, from the Earliest Periods to the Present Day, including Biographical Sketches of Representative Men. Philadelphia: Louis H. Everts and Co.
History of Saint Louis City and County, from the Earliest Periods to the Present Day, including Biographical Sketches of Representative Men.
- ——; Westcott, Thompson (1884). History of Philadelphia, 1609–1884. Philadelphia : L. H. Everts & co. Retrieved July 16, 2019.
- —— (1886). History of Westchester county : New York, including Morrisania, Kings Bridge, and West Farms, which have been annexed to New York City /. Philadelphia : L.E. Preston & Co. Retrieved July 16, 2019.
- —— (1887). Deer Park and Oakland: twins of the Alleghanies. Baltimore, The Lorborn publishing company. Retrieved July 16, 2019.
- —— (1887). History of the Confederate States navy from its organization to the surrender of its last vessel. New York, Rogers & Sherwood.
- —— (1888). History of Delaware. 1609–1888. Philadelphia, L. J. Richards & co. Retrieved July 16, 2019.
- Scharf, J. Thomas (John Thomas) (1892). The natural & industrial resources and advantages of Maryland, being a complete description of the counties of the state and the city of Baltimore. Annapolis, C. H. Baughman & Co., state printers. Retrieved July 16, 2019.
- —— (1894). History of the Confederate States Navy from Its Organization to the Surrender of Its Last Vessel (alternate version). J. McDonough.
References
- Dawson III, Joseph G., Texas A&M University (1986). "J. Thomas Scharf (1 May 1843 – 28 February 1898)". In Clyde Norman Wilson, University of South Carolina (ed.). American Historians, 1866–1912. Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 47. Detroit, Michigan: Gale Research. pp. 249–256. ISBN 0-8103-1725-7. LCCN 85029245. OCLC 12949842.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Cynthia H. Requardt (May 1978). "J. Thomas Scharf Collection, 1730s–1892". H. Furlong Baldwin Library. Maryland Historical Society. Retrieved December 28, 2009.
- Chronicles of Baltimore, Col. J Thomas Scharf, 1874, accessed December 2009
- Papenfuse, Edward C.; et al. "Archives of Maryland Historical List, Index to Names of Officeholders". Archives of Maryland Historical List, Maryland Government. Maryland State Archives. Index – S. Retrieved January 4, 2009.
- "CASE OF J. THOMAS SCHARF; Circumstances of His Leaving the Post of Chinese Inspector at This Port". New York Times. October 19, 1897. Retrieved December 21, 2009.
- "SECRETARY GAGE AND COL. SCHARF". New York Times. October 16, 1897. Retrieved January 4, 2010.
Further reading
- References used by – Dawson III, Joseph G., Texas A&M University (1986). "J. Thomas Scharf (1 May 1843 – 28 February 1898)". In Clyde Norman Wilson, University of South Carolina (ed.). American Historians, 1866–1912. Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 47. Detroit, Michigan: Gale Research. pp. 249–256. ISBN 0-8103-1725-7. LCCN 85029245. OCLC 12949842.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)- Richard J. Cox, A Century of Frustration: The Movement for a State Archives in Maryland, 1811–1935, Maryland Historical Magazine, 78 (Summer 1983): 106–117.
- Francis B. Culver, The War Romance of John Thomas Scharf, Maryland Historical Magazine, 21 (September 1926): 295–302.
- Edward G. Howard, Introduction to History of Baltimore City and County, by J. Thomas Scharf (Baltimore: Regional Publishing, 1971).
- Morris L. Radoff, An Elusive Manuscript—The Proceedings of the Maryland Convention of 1774, American Archivist, 30 (January 1967): 59–65.
- Radoff, Foreword to The History of Maryland, by J. Thomas Scharf (Hatboro, Pa.: Tradition Press, 1967).
- Frank F. White, Jr., ed., Correspondence of Jefferson Davis and J. Thomas Scharf, Journal of Mississippi History, 10 (April 1948): 118–131.
- Tom Kelley, The personal memoirs of Jonathan Thomas Scharf of the First Maryland Artillery, Baltimore: Butternut and Blue, (1992). LCCN 93-216151. ISBN 0-935523-30-8.
- Andrews, Richard Snowden (1910). Smith, Tunstall (ed.). Richard Snowden Andrews, lieutenant-colonel commanding the First Maryland Artillery (Andrews' battalion) Confederate States army; a memoir. Baltimore: Press of the Sun job printing office. LCCN 10025096.
- Maryland Historical Society, Proceedings of the Maryland historical society, in connection with the celebration of the one hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the settlement of Baltimore, Baltimore:J. Murphy & Co, (1880). LCCN rc01-3466.
- Catalogue of aportion of the library of J. Thomas Scharf, Boston, Mass: C.F. Libbie & Co, (1883). LCCN unk81031593.
External links
- Works by or about John Thomas Scharf at Internet Archive
- J. Thomas Scharf Collection, 1730s–1892, preserved by the Maryland Historical Society, H. Furlong Baldwin Library
- Maryland State Archives, a Maryland historical agency and central depository for government records of permanent value.
- History of 1st Maryland Artillery, CSA, available through Maryland Units in the Civil War, a website devoted to said topic.
- . Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. 1900.
- . New International Encyclopedia. 1905.