James H. Coffman Jr.

Coffman grew up in Great Barrington, Massachusetts. He graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York in 1978.[2] Coffman subsequently earned a Master of Science degree in National Security Affairs from the Naval Postgraduate School. He was also a United States Army Fellow at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University, and attended the Boston University Overseas Program for Master of Science in International Relations in Vicenza, Italy.[3] In the course of his formal education Coffman has authored papers on ethnic conflict in the post-Cold War world.[4][5]

Coffman served during the US occupation of Iraq. While working as a civilian advisor, his unit was attacked on November 14, 2004. During this attack, he was commended for the leadership he provided his troops while outnumbered against a group of Iraqi insurgents. He continued fighting even after an enemy round shattered his shooting hand, continuing to fire with his other hand. After reinforcements arrived, Coffman refused to exit the battle despite his injuries. He was award the Distinguished Service Cross for these actions.[2]

Coffman worked as a civilian adviser to train the Special Police Commandos; a paramilitary unit known as the Wolf Brigade that was later accused by a UN official of torture and murder, and which was also implicated in the use of death squads.[6][7][8] The Wolf Brigade was created and supported by the US and it enabled the redeployment of Saddam Hussein's Republican Guard but with the new task of terrorising those connected with the Iraqi insurgency.[9] This was part of the US drive to use "dirty tactics" against insurgents in Iraq, a counterinsurgency doctrine known as "fighting terror with terror," and one that had previously been exercised by the US in other theaters, including Vietnam and El Salvador.[10]

Coffman worked closely with Steele advising Iraqi Special Police Commandos during Multi-National Security Transition Command operations, and who has also been implicated in human rights abuses of Iraqi detainees.[1][11][12] Coffman reported directly to General David Petraeus and worked alongside Steele in detention centers that were set up with US funding.[13][14]

General Muntadher al-Samari, Iraqi interior ministry commander from 2003 to 2005, revealed the US role in torture carried out by the Special Commandos' interrogation units, claiming that Steele and Coffman knew exactly what was being done. Al-Samari described "the ugliest sorts of torture" he had ever seen, which included the severe beating and hanging of detainees, as well the pulling off of their fingernails. The Guardian report also claimed that the US backing of sectarian paramilitary units helped create conditions that led to sectarian civil war.[15]

Coffman has been awarded the Distinguished Service Cross, the Bronze Star Medal, Defense Meritorious Service Medal, Meritorious Service Medal with four oak leaf clusters, Joint Service Commendation Medal with two oak leaf clusters, the Combat Infantryman Badge, Expert Infantryman Badge, Special Forces Tab and the Ranger tab.[3]

• Battle of Mosul

• Zabaldo, Sgt. Jared. "Iraq Interior Ministry Forms Police Commando Battalions". American Forces Press Service. Archived from the original on 14 January 2013. Retrieved 11 January 2013.
• Military Review (PDF). LXXXVII (1): 1. January–February 2007 http://usacac.army.mil/CAC2/MilitaryReview/Archives/English/MilitaryReview_20070228_art003.pdf. Retrieved 11 January 2013. {{cite journal}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
• Dorell, Oren (9 November 2006). "Coffman guided Iraqi units through attack". USA TODAY. Retrieved 11 January 2013.
• Burgess, Lisa (14 June 2006). "Heroes 2006: 'I was going to go down fighting'". Stars and Stripes. Retrieved 11 January 2013.
• Timothy R. Reese, Donald P. Wright (2008). The United States Army in Operation Iraqi Freedom, May 2003-January 2005 : on point II : transition to the new campaign. Fort Leavenworth, KS: Combat Studies Institute Press. pp. 468–469. ISBN 9780160781971.