James Lorimer Ilsley
James Lorimer Ilsley, PC KC (January 3, 1894 – January 14, 1967) was a Canadian politician and jurist. He was minister of finance from 1940 to 1946. He was finance minister during World War II; to fund the increase in wartime expenditure, he dramatically expanded the income tax by imposing it on millions of workers and citizens.
James Lorimer Ilsley | |
|---|---|
.jpg.webp) Ilsley, c. 1942 | |
| Member of the Canadian Parliament for Hants—Kings | |
| In office 1926–1935 | |
| Preceded by | Arthur de Witt Foster |
| Succeeded by | The electoral district was abolished in 1933. |
| Member of the Canadian Parliament for Digby—Annapolis—Kings | |
| In office 1935–1948 | |
| Preceded by | The electoral district was created in 1933. |
| Succeeded by | George Nowlan |
| Chief Justice of Nova Scotia | |
| In office 1950–1967 | |
| Preceded by | Joseph Andrew Chisholm |
| Succeeded by | Lauchlin Daniel Currie |
| Personal details | |
| Born | January 3, 1894 Somerset, Nova Scotia |
| Died | January 14, 1967 (aged 73) Halifax, Nova Scotia |
| Political party | Liberal |
| Cabinet | Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada (1946-1948) Minister of Finance and Receiver General (1940-1946) Postmaster General (Acting) (1940) Minister of National Revenue (1935-1940) |
Early life
He was born in Somerset, Nova Scotia, the son of Randel Ilsley and Catherine Caldwell. Ilsley was educated at Acadia University and Dalhousie University and was admitted to the Nova Scotia bar in 1916. In 1919, he married Evelyn Smith. Ilsley then practised law in Yarmouth and Halifax, Nova Scotia until 1926.
Political career
He was elected to the House of Commons of Canada as a Liberal in the 1926 election. He survived the 1930 election that sent the Liberals into Opposition. When the Liberal Party returned to power in the 1935 election, Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King brought Ilsley into Cabinet as Minister of National Revenue.
Finance minister
In 1940, he was promoted to Minister of Finance. He held that position for the duration of World War II during a period of massive expansion in expenditure due to the war effort, described as a "transformation of the Canadian tax system" by historian Colin Campbell.[1] Under his direction, the minimum income required to pay income tax was push dramatically downward, effectively changing income tax from a "class tax" on the wealthiest 300,000 or so Canadians to a national tax imposed on millions of average workers, and directly deduced from their checks.[1] The revenue generated from income tax during this era expand by nearly 1000%.[1]
He also led the Victory Bond campaign, brought in wage and price controls in 1941, and deal with several currency crises.[1] He was also known for his call for personal sacrifice by civilians during the war and led by example by giving up his car and riding the streetcar to Parliament Hill.[1] In 1945, despite the taxes he had imposed on the general public, he was rated the most popular cabinet minister in the cabinet.[1]
He was recognized for his service in 1946 when he was appointed to the Imperial Privy Council, and given the honorific of "Right Honourable".
Minister of justice
The same year, he became Minister of Justice. He served in that position until he retired from politics in 1948.
Later life
Illsley retired from politics in 1948. The next year, he was appointed to the Nova Scotia Supreme Court and became Chief Justice of Nova Scotia in 1950. He served in that capacity until his death in 1967 in Halifax at the age of 73.
J. L. Ilsley High School, opened in 1971 and located in Spryfield, Nova Scotia, bears his name.
Electoral record
| 1925 Canadian federal election: Hants—Kings | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | ||||||
| Conservative | Arthur de Witt Foster | 10,168 | ||||||
| Liberal | James Lorimer Ilsley | 9,110 | ||||||
| 1926 Canadian federal election: Hants—Kings | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | ||||||
| Liberal | James Lorimer Ilsley | 10,261 | ||||||
| Conservative | Arthur de Witt Foster | 10,181 | ||||||
| 1930 Canadian federal election: Hants—Kings | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | ||||||
| Liberal | James Lorimer Ilsley | 11,059 | ||||||
| Conservative | Arthur de Witt Foster | 9,947 | ||||||
References
- O’Byrne, Nicole (9 February 2023). "Origin of Income Tax: War and the History of Canadian Income Tax". Witness to Yesterday (Podcast). The Champlain Society. Event occurs at 13:54. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
External links
- James Lorimer Ilsley – Parliament of Canada biography
- Marble, Allan E. (1977). Nova Scotians at Home and Abroad: including biographical sketches of over six hundred native born Nova Scotians. Lancelot. p. 215. ISBN 0-88999-074-3.