Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam
Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (Urdu: جمیعت علماءِ اسلام, abbreviated as JUI, translated as Assembly of Islamic Clergy)[3] is a Deobandi Sunni Muslim organization that was founded on 26 October 1945 by Shabbir Ahmad Usmani as a pro-Pakistan offshoot of the Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind (JUH).[4][2][5] Politically active, JUI has militated against un-Islamic groups and practices, such as the Shi'i sect, the sale of alcoholic beverages, and the anti-Islamic group of Qadiyanis. It has run candidates for office in Pakistani provincial and national elections, and splintered into several groups in 1980, 2007, and 2020.
Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam جمیعت علماءِ اسلام | |
|---|---|
| Abbreviation | JUI |
| Historical leaders | |
| Founder | Shabbir Ahmad Usmani |
| Founded | 26 October 1945 |
| Split from | Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind |
| Succeeded by | Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (F) Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (S) Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam Bangladesh |
| Ideology | Islamism clericalism[1] Islamic fundamentalism[1] Religious nationalism Religious conservatism Pro-Pakistan[2] |
| Religion | Sunni Islam (Deobandi)[1] |
| Party flag | |
 | |
In March 2019, after the decline of a competing faction JUI-S, the Election Commission of Pakistan reportedly allowed Moulana Fazal-ur-Rehman to have his JUI-F party use the old name of Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam with no added letter F.[6][7]
History
Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (JUI) is a Deobandi organization, part of the Deobandi movement.[8] The JUI formed when members broke from the Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind in 1945 after that organization backed the Indian National Congress against the Muslim League's lobby for a separate Pakistan the Splinter member's of Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind pledge allegiance to Muhammad Ali Jinnah and announce openly support to Pakistan movement under the leadership of Shabbir Ahmad Usmani.[9]
The original Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind was formed in British India in 1919.[10] After the death of Shabbir Ahmad Usmani in 1949, his close associate Zafar Ahmad Usmani replaced him as head or Amir of JUH. Then Mufti Mahmud became Amir of this party in 1962 and remained its head until his death in 1980.[2][10]
After the death of Mufti Mahmud, the group was further divided during Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq regime, namely Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (S) supporting Jihadism and a totalitarian state whereas Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (F) supporting the movement for restoration of democracy in Pakistan.[2] In Pakistan, the JUI was active in the anti-Ahmadiyya riots in 1953 and 1974 and anti-Shia agitations. Part of the JUI’s agenda has also been to establish a "pure" Islam in Pakistan. In particular, the JUI has sought to eliminate the worship of saints and other un-Islamic practices.[11]
Factions
- Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam Bangladesh – headed by Zia Uddin, was founded in 1972 following the Bangladesh War of Independence.
Following the death of Mufti Mehmood Ahmed in 1980 JUI split in two:
- Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (F) – headed by Fazal-ur-Rehman[2] JUI-F is almost entirely based in southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and northern Balochistan, which are mostly inhabited by Pashtuns. The assassination of the head of splinter faction (JUI-S) in 2018 led to the diminishing of that faction,[12] and to Moulana Fazal-ur-Rehman being successful in pleading before Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP) to get his JUI-F faction renamed as JUI in March 2019.[6][7] As of 2021 (at least) it was "the biggest religio-political party" in Pakistan, with "proven street power", and is still commonly referred to as JUI (F) despite being registered with the Election Commission of Pakistan as simply JUI.[13]
- Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (S) – headed by Hamid Ul Haq Haqqani[2] split with JUI (F) in 1980 and supports Jihadism and a totalitarian state and also Zia's regime[14] is of regional significance in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa but has no representation on the national level. Sami-ul-Haq was assassinated in 2018[12] and his son, Maulana Hamid-ul-Haq Haqqani became its chief,[15][16][17] but the group reportedly has much less support now.[12]
A faction known as JUI Nazryati split from JUI-F in 2007 and merged back again in 2016.
- Jamiat Ulama-e-Islam Nazryati – headed by Maulvi Asmatullah. JUI-N was open in its support for the Afghan Taliban and Al Qaeda, but suffered a severe defeat in the 2013 general election.[13]
- Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam Pakistan – headed by Muhammad Khan Sherani was established on December 2020 as a breakway faction of Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (F) (JUI-F) over rifts with Fazal-ur-Rehman, The JUI Pakistan declared alliance with Imran Khan and his party, the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf, JUI Pakistan also supports Afghan Taliban led government in Afghanistan.[18]
Electoral history
| Election | Leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | Mufti Mahmud | 1,315,071 | 3.98% | 7 / 131 |
 7 |
| 1977 | 286,313 | 1.69% | 7 / 200 |
See also
References
- "Maulana Shabbir Ahmad Usmani's profile". storyofpakistan.com website. 4 January 2008. Retrieved 29 August 2019.
- "Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (JUI) history". Islamopediaonline.org website. 1 January 2015. Archived from the original on 26 December 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2020.
- "Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam Assembly of Islamic Clergy". Global Security.org. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
- Micha’el M. Tanchum
- Pirzada, Sayyid A. S. (2000). The politics of the Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam Pakistan : 1971-1977. Karachi: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-579302-1. OCLC 42791175.
- Report, Recorder (17 March 2020). "Renaming party: ECP accepts application of JUI-F". Business Recorder. Retrieved 17 March 2020.
- "List of Enlisted Political Parties" (PDF). www.ecp.gov.pk. Election Commission of Pakistan. 3 March 2022. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
- Rashid, Haroon (6 November 2002). "Profile: Maulana Fazlur Rahman". BBC News.
- John Pike. "Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam / Assembly of Islamic Clergy". Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 11 December 2013.
- Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam - Fazal Dawn (newspaper), Published 5 April 2013, Retrieved 3 March 2020
- Campo, Juan Eduardo (2009). Encyclopedia of Islam. Infobase Publishing. p. 390. ISBN 978-1-4381-2696-8.
- "Election Commission accepts JUI(F) plea to get renamed as JUI". Daily Jang. Rawalpindi, 17 March 2020. p. 12
- "A revolt within JUI-F". The News. 10 January 2021. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
- "Maulana Samiul Haq – life in focus". The Express Tribune (newspaper). 2 November 2018. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
- "Maulana Sami's son named JUI-S acting chief". The Express Tribune (newspaper). 4 November 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2021.
- "Maulana Samiul Haq's son named acting JUI-S chief". Geo News. 4 November 2018. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
- "Maulana Hamidul Haq elected JUI-S ameer". The Nation (newspaper). 11 February 2019. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
- "Maulana Sherani announces political alliance with PTI". 13 June 2022.