Jan Brożek

Jan Brożek (Ioannes Broscius,[1] Joannes Broscius[2] or Johannes Broscius;[3][4] 1 November 1585 – 21 November 1652) was a Polish polymath: a mathematician, astronomer, physician, poet, writer, musician and rector of the Kraków Academy.

Jan Brożek
Born
Jan Brożek


Kurzelów, Poland
Died21 November 1652(1652-11-21) (aged 67)
Bronowice Małe, Poland
EducationKraków Academy
Known forResearch on perfect numbers and geometry
honeycomb conjecture
Scientific career
Fields
InstitutionsKraków Academy

Life

Brożek was born in Kurzelów, Sandomierz Province, and lived in Kraków, Staszów, and Międzyrzec Podlaski.

He received his primary education in Kurzelow, then continued his education in Krakow. In 1604, he enrolled in the Faculty of Liberal Art at the Kraków Academy (now Jagiellonian University), where he received his baccalaureate on 30 March 1605. In January 1614, he became the head of the Astronomy and Astrology Faculty. From 1620 to 1624, he stayed in Padua, where he studied medicine at the University of Padua and received his doctorate in medicine on 11 August 1623. He served as rector of Jagiellonian University.[5]

He was the most prominent Polish mathematician of the 17th century, working on the theory of numbers (particularly perfect numbers) and geometry. While studying perfect numbers, he postulated theorems which were the special cases of the then-unknown Fermat's little theorem.[6] He also studied medicine, theology and geodesy. Among the problems he addressed was why bees create hexagonal honeycombs; he demonstrated that this is the most efficient way of using wax and storing honey.[7]

He contributed to a greater knowledge of Nicolaus Copernicus' theories and was his ardent supporter and early prospective biographer. Around 1612 he visited the chapter at Warmia and with the knowledge of Prince-Bishop Simon Rudnicki took from there a number of letters and documents in order to publish them, which he never did. He contributed to a better version of a short biography of Copernicus by Simon Starowolski. "Following his death, his entire collection was lost"; thus "Copernicus' unpublished work probably suffered the greatest damage at the hands of Johannes Broscius."[8][notes 1]

Brożek died at Bronowice, now a district of Kraków. One of the Jagiellonian University's buildings, the Collegium Broscianum, is named after him.[9]

Works
  • Geodesia distantiarum (1610);
  • Dissertatio astronomica (1616);
  • Dissersatio de cometa Astrophili (1619);
  • De dierum inaequalitate (1619);
  • Arithmetica integrorum (1620);
  • Apologja pierwsza kalendarza rzymskiego powszechnego (1641);
  • Apologia pro Aristotele et Euclide (1652);
  • De numeris perfectis disceptatio (1637);
  • Epistolae ad naturam ordinatarum figurarum plenius intelligendam pertinentes (1615);
  • Peripatheticus Cracoviensis (1647);
  • Sermo in synodo Luceornensi (1641);
  • Discurs Ziemianina z Plebanem (Discourse between the Squire and the Vicar, 1625);
    • Gratis, albo Discurs I Ziemianina z Plebanem (Gratis, or Discourse I between the Squire and the Vicar);
    • Przywiley, albo Discurs II Ziemianina z Plebanem (Privilege, or Discourse II between the Squire and the Vicar);
    • Consens, albo Discurs III Ziemianina z Plebanem (Consensus, or Discourse III between the Squire and the Vicar).

See also

Notes
  1. The date of Brożek's trip to Warmia [Ermland] cited above is incorrect. It has been established that it took place in the summer of 1618 (p. 56 ff in H. Barycz, cf References).

Sources
  • Jan Nepomucen Franke, "Jan Brożek (J. Broscius) Akademik Krakowski..." Jagiellonian University Press, Kraków, 1884;
  • "Jan Brożek, Wybór Pism" [Jan Brożek, Selected Writings] Vol. 1, Edit. Henryk Barycz, Vol. 2, Edit. Jadwiga Dianni. P.W.N., Warszawa, 1956;
  • Jan Chroboczek, Jan Brożek: Mathematician, Astronomer and Biographer of Copernicus (1585–1652), The Polish Review, vol. LV, no. 2, 2010, pp. 169–93. and "Three letters on Copernicus published by Joannes Broscius in 1618", pp 1–20 in Sudhoffs Archiv, 97-1, Stuttgart 2013;
  • Krzysztof Tatarkiewicz "Brzozek czy Brożek, materiały do rozważań w 350 rocznicę..." 2nd Edit. Manuscript available at the RCIN Web page of the Inst. Mat. Pol. Acad. Sci. (IMPAN), Warsaw, deposited by the author in 2003.

References
  1. "Ioannes Broscius"
  2. "Joannes Broscius",
  3. "Johannes Broscius"
  4. Nicolaus Copernicus Gesamtausgabe (Nicolaus Copernicus Complete Edition): Die Copernicus-biographien des 16. Bis 18. Jahrhunderts (Copernicus Biographies of the 16th–18th centuries), ISBN 3-05-003848-9
  5. Franke, Jan Nepomucen (1884). "Jan Brożek (J. Broscius) akademik krakowski 1585-1652. Jego życie i dzieła, ze szczególnem uwzględnieniem prac matematycznych. Ze źródeł rękopiśmiennych". polona.pl. Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  6. Opial, Zdzisław (1958). "O pracach Jana Brożka z teorii liczb" (PDF). Kwartalnik Historii Nauki I Techniki: 537–563. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
  7. Marc Chamberland (22 July 2015). "The Miraculous Space Efficiency of Honeycomb". slate.com. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
  8. "Copernicus's unpublished work probably suffered the greatest damage at the hands of Johannes Broscius (1581–1652), professor of mathematics and astronomy at the University of Kraków. Around 1612, Broscius visited Ermland to collect documents for a biography on Copernicus. He took a number of letters and documents with him to Kraków, to utilize them merely for succinct notes and marginalia. Following his death, his entire Copernicus collection was lost." Andreas Kühne, "Copernicanism", Reader's Guide to the History of Science, Taylor & Francis, 2000, ISBN 1-884964-29-X, 9781884964299, p. 152.
  9. Szymborski, Wiktor (2014). Collegium Broscianum. Kraków: Księgarnia Akademicka. ISBN 978-83-7638-346-0.
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