Pinus densiflora

Pinus densiflora, also called the Japanese red pine,[3] the Japanese pine,[4] or Korean red pine,[5] is a species of pine tree native to East Asia. In China it is known as 赤松 (pinyin: chì sōng, literally "red pine").

Pinus densiflora
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Gymnosperms
Division: Pinophyta
Class: Pinopsida
Order: Pinales
Family: Pinaceae
Genus: Pinus
Subgenus: P. subg. Pinus
Section: P. sect. Pinus
Subsection: P. subsect. Pinus
Species:
P. densiflora
Binomial name
Pinus densiflora
Synonyms[2]
  • Pinus funebris Kom.
  • Pinus japonica Forbes nom. illeg.
  • Pinus scopifera Miq.

Distribution and habitat

P. densiflora has a home range that includes Japan, the Korean Peninsula, northeastern China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong and northeastern Jiangsu) and the extreme southeast of Russia (in Siberia, southern Primorsky Krai).

Description

The leaves are needle-like, 8–12 centimetres (3–4+12 inches) long, with two per fascicle. The short leaves are 5–6 cm. There are stomatal lines on both sides of the leaf, 2 vascular bundles, about 3–9 resin canals, and fine serrations on the edge of the leaf. Branchlets with more or less white powder. Male cones are light reddish yellow, clustered in the lower part of new branchs, female cones are light reddish purple, solitary or clustered in 2–3 clusters. The cones are dark brown yellow or light brown yellow when mature, they dehiscent at maturity, seed scales usually thin, seed winged. The bark is orange-red, cracked into irregular scale-like pieces. Heartwood reddish brown, sapwood light reddish yellow. The height of the tree is 20–35 metres (66–115 feet). The crown can reach 30 meters.[6][7][8]

"The distribution of P. densiflora in China has the following pattern of variation: the more northward it is distributed, the needles are relatively shorter, the white powder on the branchlets is sometimes less obvious or partly obvious, and the color of the cones is lighter. It is light brown yellow".[6]

The cones are 4–7 cm (1+12–3 in) long. It is closely related to Scots pine, differing in the longer, slenderer leaves which are mid-green without the glaucous-blue tone of Scots pine. This pine has become a popular ornamental and has several cultivars, but in the winter it becomes yellowish. The plant prefers full sun on well-drained, slightly acidic soil.

Uses

Strong wind resistance, P. densiflora is an excellent tree species for afforestation in stony mountains, barren soil and sandy land. The timber can be used for construction, electric poles, sleepers, ore pillars, furniture, and wood fiber industrial raw materials. The trunk is rich in resin, from which rosin and turpentine can be extracted. Essential oil can be extracted from the leaves. In northeast China, matsutake relies on P. densiflora for growth. "Jilin Tianfozhishan National Nature Reserve/Jilin Tianfozhishan National Nature Reserve" takes Matsutake, P. densiflora and ecosystem as the main protection objects. P. densiflora wood has natural anti-corrosion and anti-mildew properties, and natural preservatives and natural wood anti-mold agents can be extracted. P. densiflora has non-stinging needles and soft branches, making it easy to shape as a penjing.[6][8]

References

  1. Farjon, A. (2013). "Pinus densiflora". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013: e.T42355A2974820. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42355A2974820.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species, retrieved 15 December 2015
  3. USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Pinus densiflora". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
  4. BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
  5. English Names for Korean Native Plants (PDF). Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum. 2015. p. 575. ISBN 978-89-97450-98-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 8 December 2016 via Korea Forest Service.
  6. "赤松(chì sōng) Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc" (in Chinese). www.iplant.cn. Retrieved 2023-02-08.
  7. "Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zuccarini". www.efloras.org. Retrieved 2023-02-08.
  8. 刘玉波 (2022-12-12). "赤松赤胆忠心松茸共生共荣" (in Chinese). www.forestry.gov.cn. Retrieved 2023-02-08.

Further reading

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