Jean-Raymond Tournoux

Jean-Raymond Tournoux (15 August 1914 in Les Rousses – 23 November 1984 in Paris), was a French parliamentary journalist, writer and historian.[1] Fascinated by Pétain and de Gaulle, Tournoux devoted most of his work to them.[2] He became known as "the historian of secrecy" for his meticulous documentation, his storing of small snippets of conversation, and his revealing of "great secrets of contemporary history".[1][3][4][5]

Jean-Raymond Tournoux
Born15 August 1914
Died23 November 1984
Occupation
  • Parliamentary journalist
  • writer
  • historian
NationalityFrench
Notable awards

Biography

Son of commander Léon Tournoux and Aline Gauthier, Jean-Raymond Tournoux was born in Les Rousses. After completing his secondary studies at the high school of Belfort, Tournoux studied journalism. He began his career as an editorial secretary at the République de l'Est (1934–1939) and then worked as a radio editor at the Radiodiffusion Française[6] from 1941 to 1946 while collaborating with various daily and weekly newspapers such as L'Eclair comtois, L'Epoque, Marianne and L'Actualité économique et financière. Head of department at Libération and then at Ce Matin until 1950, he then worked as an editorialist at l'Information (1950–1955), Combat, Progrès de Lyon (1945–1962) and Figaro (1976–1980) and became political director of Paris-Match from 1964 to 1976. During his tenure as director of the contemporary history collection at the Plon bookstore, he wrote several works on the politics of the Fourth and Fifth Republics and also published historical columns in the newspaper Le Monde and La Revue des Deux Mondes.[1][7][8]

During the Second World War, following his demobilization, he joined the Zone libre and became a press correspondent for the Vichy government. As a journalist for the Vichy radio station and for La Légion, Marshal Pétain awarded him the Order of the Francisque. His proximity to the Marshal, whom he accompanied on his travels, interested intelligence services. In May 1949, he was awarded the Croix de Guerre for his work in an underground intelligence network in Andalucia.[7][9]

In 1981, he became a member of the Institut de France, by being admitted to the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences.[1]

Tournoux married Francine Lambert in 1939. Together, they had six children: Noëlle (born 1941), Roland (born 1942), Mireille (born 1945), Renaud (born 1946), Frédéric (born 1951), and Aude (born 1956). Four years after the death of his wife in 1971, he married Jacqueline Heiny. He died on November 23, 1984, in Paris.[1]

Awards and distinctions

His work has been rewarded with numerous distinctions:

Bibliography
  • Carnets secrets de la politique, Plon, 1958[11]
  • Secrets d'État, Plon, 1960[4]
  • L'Histoire secrète. La Cagoule, le Front populaire, Vichy, Londres, Plon, 1962[4]
  • Pétain et de Gaulle, Plon, 1964[12][13]
  • La Tragédie du général, Plon, 1967[14]
  • Le Mois de mai du général. Le livre blanc des évènements, Plon, 1969[15][16]
  • Le Tourment et la fatalité. Tout finit par se savoir, Plon, 1974[17][18]
  • Journal secret. Une année pas comme les autres, Plon, 1975[19]
  • Le Feu et la cendre. Les années politiques du général de Gaulle, Plon, 1979[20]
  • Pétain et la France, Plon, 1980[21][22]
  • Le Royaume d'Otto, Flammarion, 1982[23][24]
  • France, ton café fout le camp. L'engrenage de la démocratie populaire, Flammarion, 1982[25][26]

References
  1. "L'historien du secret". Le Monde.fr (in French). 1984-11-26. Retrieved 2022-01-18.
  2. "Pétain et De Gaulle, de Jean-Raymond Tournoux". Le Monde.fr (in French). 1964-11-23. Retrieved 2022-01-18.
  3. Cerny, Philip G. (1980-03-06). The Politics of Grandeur: Ideological Aspects of de Gaulle's Foreign Policy. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-22863-3.
  4. "L'Histoire Secrte de Jean-Raymond Tournoux". Le Monde.fr (in French). 1962-12-27. Retrieved 2022-01-18.
  5. "" Jamais dit " de J.-R. Tournoux". Le Monde.fr (in French). 1971-10-09. Retrieved 2022-01-18.
  6. Ratier, Emmanuel (1996). Emmanuel Ratier présente Au cœur du pouvoir: enquête sur le club le plus puissant de France (in French). Facta. ISBN 978-2-9508318-3-5.
  7. "FRAN_IR_050775 - Online catalogue". www.siv.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr. Retrieved 2022-01-18.
  8. Coston, Henry (2000). Dictionnaire de la politique française. H. Coston. OCLC 493033391.
  9. "The International Who's Who". International Affairs. 1978-01-01. doi:10.1093/ia/54/1/189. ISSN 1468-2346.
  10. Revue d'histoire diplomatique (in French). E. Leroux. 1965.
  11. Tournoux, Jean Raymond (1958). Carnets secrets de la politique. Plon. OCLC 12415486.
  12. J.-R., Tournoux (1964). Petain et De Gaulle. Plon. OCLC 798852048.
  13. Mehlman, Jeffrey (2019-08-17). Émigré New York: French Intellectuals in Wartime Manhattan, 1940-1944. Plunkett Lake Press.
  14. "La Tragédie du général de Jean-Raymond Tournoux". Le Monde.fr (in French). 1967-11-01. Retrieved 2022-01-18.
  15. Tournoux, Jean Raymond (1969). Le mois de mai du General: livre blanc des evenements. Plon. OCLC 956190522.
  16. Institut, Deutsch-Französisches (1978). La France contemporaine: guide bibliographique et thématique (in French). Niemeyer. ISBN 978-3-484-50091-4.
  17. Antoine, Philippe (2020), "Tout commence et finit dans un terrain vague: l'aire Saint-Mittre dans La Fortune des Rougon", Terrains vagues, Presses universitaires Blaise-Pascal, pp. 87–97, doi:10.4000/books.pubp.2940, ISBN 9782845168350, S2CID 245227107, retrieved 2022-01-18
  18. Le nouvel observateur (in French). 1974.
  19. Tournoux, Jean Raymond (1975). Journal secret : une année pas comme les autres. Plon. OCLC 2081452.
  20. Rémond, Réne (1985), "De Gaulle et les forces politiques françaises", La Politique étrangère du général de Gaulle, Presses Universitaires de France, p. 31, doi:10.3917/puf.barna.1985.01.0031, ISBN 9782130389200, retrieved 2022-01-18
  21. J.-R., Tournoux (1980). Pétain et la France : La Seconde guerre mondiale. Plon. ISBN 2-259-00660-4. OCLC 466396805.
  22. Atkin, Nicholas (2014-06-17). Petain. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-89798-9.
  23. Tournoux, Raymond (1982). Le Royaume D'Otto: France 1939-1945; Ceux Qui Ont Choisi L'Allemagne. Flammarion. ISBN 2-08-064458-0. OCLC 1067915596.
  24. French Xx Bibliography 36 (in French). MIT Press.
  25. Tournoux, Jean Raymond (1982). La France, ton café fout le camp : l'engrenage de la démocratie populaire. Flammarion. OCLC 746070545.
  26. Livres hebdo (in French). Editions professionnelles du livre. 1982.
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