Jeanne Mance

Jeanne Mance (November 12, 1606 – June 18, 1673) was a French nurse and settler of New France. She arrived in New France two years after the Ursuline nuns came to Quebec. Among the founders of Montreal in 1642, she established its first hospital, the Hôtel-Dieu de Montréal, in 1645. She returned twice to France to seek financial support for the hospital. After providing most of the care directly for years, in 1657 she recruited three sisters of the Religieuses hospitalières de Saint-Joseph, and continued to direct operations of the hospital. During her era, she was also known as Jehanne Mance contemporarily by the French,[1] and as Joan Mance by the English contemporarily.[2]

This article is about the 17th-century historical personnage. For other uses, see Jeanne Mance (disambiguation).
Jeanne Mance
Statue at the foot of Maisonneuve Monument
Born(1606-11-12)November 12, 1606
Langres, Haute-Marne, France
DiedJune 18, 1673(1673-06-18) (aged 66)
Montreal, Québec
EducationNursing
OccupationNurse
EmployerSociété Notre-Dame de Montréal
Known forFounding of Montreal
Hôtel-Dieu de Montréal
Parent(s)Catherine Émonnot
Charles Mance

Origins

Jeanne Mance was born (as Jehanne Mance)[1] into a bourgeois family in Langres, in Haute-Marne, France. She was the daughter of Catherine Émonnot and Charles Mance, a prosecutor for the king in Langres, an important diocese in the northern Burgundy. After her mother died, Jeanne cared for eleven brothers and sisters. She went on to care for victims of the Thirty Years War and the plague.

Vocation

At age 34, while on a pilgrimage to Troyes in Champagne, Mance discovered her missionary calling. She decided to go to New France in North America, then in the first stages of colonization by the French. She was supported by Anne of Austria, the wife of King Louis XIII, and by the Jesuits. She was not interested in marriage in Nouvelle-France.

Mance was a member of the Société Notre-Dame de Montréal; its goal was to convert the natives and found a hospital in Montreal similar to the one in Quebec.

Founding of Montreal and Hôtel-Dieu Hospital
Further information: Société Notre-Dame de Montreal and Hôtel-Dieu de Montréal

Charles Lallemant recruited Jeanne Mance for the Société Notre-Dame de Montréal. Mance embarked from La Rochelle on May 9, 1641, on a crossing of the Atlantic that took three months. After wintering in Quebec, she and Paul Chomedey de Maisonneuve arrived at the Island of Montreal in the spring of 1642. They founded the new city on May 17, 1642, on land granted by the Governor. That same year Mance began operating a hospital in her home.

Three years later (1645), with a donation of 6000 francs by Angélique Bullion, she opened a hospital on Rue Saint-Paul.[3] She directed its operations for 17 years. A new stone structure was built in 1688, and others have been built since then.[4]

Later years

In 1650, Mance visited France, returning with 22,000 French livres from Duchesse d’Aiguillon to fund the hospital (which later, was increased to 40,500 livres). On her return to Montreal, she found that the attacks of the Iroquois threatened the colony and loaned the hospital money to M. de Maisonneuve, who returned to France to organize a force of one hundred men for the colony's defense.[4]

Mance made a second trip to France in 1657 to seek financial assistance for the hospital. At the same time, she secured three Hospital Sisters of the Religious Hospitallers of St. Joseph from the convent of La Fleche in Anjou: Judith Moreau de Bresoles, Catherine Mace, and Marie Maillet. They had a difficult passage on the return, made worse by an outbreak of the plague on board, but all four women survived. While Mgr. de Laval tried to retain the sisters at Quebec for that hospital, they eventually reached Montreal in October 1659.

With the help of the new sisters, Mance was able to ensure the continued operations of the hospital. For the rest of her years, she lived more quietly.[4]

She died in 1673 after a long illness and was buried in the church of the Hôtel-Dieu Hospital. While the church and her house were demolished in 1696 for redevelopment, her work was carried on by the Religious Hospitallers of St. Joseph. The three nuns whom she had recruited in 1659 served as hospital administrators. Two centuries later, in 1861, the hospital was moved to the foot of Mount Royal.[4]

Legacy
  • A small statuette (2008) representing Jeanne Mance by André Gauthier was commissioned for the Canadian Nurses Association for a biannual award of nursing excellence.
  • Rue Jeanne-Mance, a north–south street in Montreal, is named after Mance.
  • Jeanne-Mance Park, situated on Park Avenue, opposite Mount Royal, and just south of Mount Royal Avenue, is named after Mance.
  • Jeanne-Mance, a district of Plateau Mont-Royal
  • Jeanne-Mance Building, situated on Eglantine Driveway, Tunneys Pasture, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. A Federal Government of Canada Office Tower currently occupied by Health Canada.
  • Jeanne Mance Hall is a dormitory on the campus of University of Vermont. It is situated across the street from the student health center.
  • A statue (1968) was erected in the Square Olivier-Lahalle in her hometown of Langres by the Association Langres - Montréal.[5]

References
  1. l’Hôtel-Dieu de Montréal (1941). "Appendice: PROCÈS VERBAL DE CONSTAT". L'HOTEL'DIEU: premier hôpital de Montréal: 1642-1942 (in French). Joseph Charbonneau. p. 387. C'est dans cette église paroissiale Saint Pierre et Saint Paul de Langres, comme l'indiquent les registres de naissance et de baptême de l'année 1606 actuellement conservés à l'Hôtel de Ville de Langres, que fut baptisée Jehanne Mance
  2. Herbert J. Thurston, S.J. (1938). "MARGARET BOURGEOYS, Virgin, Foundress of the Congregation of Notre Dame of Montreal". Butler's Lives of the Saints. Burns & Oates. She housekept for the governor, looked after the few children, helped Joan Mance at the hospital and the wives of the garrison, got the great cross restored on Mount Royal
  3. Buescher, John. "Religious Orders of Women in New France", Teaching history website, accessed August 21, 2011
  4. Auclair, Elie-J. (1913). "Jeanne Mance" . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  5. "Langres, ville natale de Jeanne Mance".

Further reading
  • Joanna Emery, "Angel of the Colony," Beaver (Aug/Sep 2006) 86#4 pp 37–41. online
  • Sister Elizabeth MacPherson. Jeanne Mance: The Woman, the Legend and the Glory (Bronson Agency, Toronto, 1985)
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