Jed Rose (scientist)

Jed Eugene Rose is an American academic professor,[1] inventor[2] and researcher in the field of nicotine and smoking cessation. Rose is presently the President and CEO of the Rose Research Center, LLC in Raleigh, North Carolina.[3] Additionally, he is the Director of the Duke Center for Smoking Cessation at Duke University Medical Center.[4]

Jed Eugene Rose
Born
Ohio
Alma mater


Known for
SpouseFrédérique Behm
Scientific career
Fields
Institutions


Personal life

Jed Eugene Rose was born on June 8, 1952, in Ohio.[5]

Rose received his undergraduate bachelor's degree at the University of California, Berkeley.[1] He later went on to obtain his Ph.D. at the University of California, San Diego[1] and finished his PostDoctoral work at the University of California, Los Angeles[1]

Inventions and research

Rose is most known for co-inventing the nicotine skin patch with the late[6][7] Murray Jarvik, M.D., Ph.D. and K. Daniel Rose in the early 1980s.[8] Rose et al. published the first study of the pharmacokinetics of a transdermal nicotine patch in humans in 1984[9] and the subsequently filed US Patent 4920989[10] which was upheld in a priority decision in 1993. This work helped pave the way for the development of commercial nicotine skin patches.

Rose is also responsible for studying agonist-antagonist treatments that provided support for the development varenicline (Chantix).[11][12][13][14]

Also in the 1980s, Rose developed novel methods for reaerosolizing selected constituents of tobacco smoke in cigarette-sized devices, a forerunner of modern e-cigarettes.[15]

His first NIDA-funded grant, “Scaling the Reinforcing Value of Cigarette Smoke” (1981-2000), measured the role of nicotine in tobacco dependence, by selectively varying nicotine concentrations in smoke while holding tar yield constant, using a two-barreled smoke-mixing device. This method was employed in research cited in the 1988 U.S. Surgeon General's Report[16] on nicotine addiction.[17][18][19][20]

Significant contributions to science

Nicotine patch

Rose initiated the development of the nicotine patch for smoking cessation: In the early 1980s, he led the initial exploration of transdermal nicotine administration for smoking cessation.[21] In a series of studies he and colleagues showed that transdermal nicotine administration reduced craving for cigarettes and that it was efficacious for smoking cessation.[22] Rose experimented on himself, applying nicotine to his skin and measuring his body's physiological responses.[7]

Inspiring the development of Chantix

Rose aided in the conception of varenicline for smoking cessation: In the 1990s Rose et al. conducted clinical trials of an agonist-antagonist combination treatment, using nicotine (agonist) and mecamylamine (nicotinic antagonist).[23][24] The combination proved more efficacious than either agent alone. Pfizer pharmaceuticals cited [25] this work as helping to inspire the development of the partial nicotinic agonist varenicline,[26] which is currently the most effective pharmacologic smoking cessation treatment available.[27]

Sensory factors in tobacco addiction

Rose demonstrated the role of nicotine and non-nicotine sensory factors in tobacco addiction:[28][29] In a series of studies, Rose et al. dissociated non-nicotine factors, including sensory cues accompanying cigarette inhalation, from the pharmacologic effects of nicotine. Attenuating these cues, while holding nicotine intake constant, significantly reduced the psychological rewarding and satiating effects of cigarette smoke. Conversely, presenting sensory inhalational cues down-regulated smoking behavior.

First radiotracer nicotine studies

Rose elucidated the brain pharmacokinetics of inhaled nicotine: Rose et al. conducted the first direct assessment of the rate of brain nicotine uptake during cigarette smoking, using cigarettes spiked with the radiotracer [11C]nicotine and PET scanning to image nicotine in the brain.[30] The results overturned the widely held “puff bolus” hypothesis,[31] which held that the nicotine from each puff of smoke should generate a spike in brain nicotine uptake within 10 seconds. In fact, the lung serves as a depot for nicotine, releasing the dose over several minutes. This new understanding of brain nicotine pharmacokinetics has implications both for the understanding of mechanisms underlying nicotine addiction as well as development of more effective nicotine replacement strategies.

First adaptive treatment algorithm for smoking cessation

Rose validated the first adaptive treatment algorithm for smoking cessation: Rose led a series of studies showing that the initial response to pre-cessation administration of nicotine skin patch treatment predicted long-term abstinence.[32][33] Subsequently, this response was used to implement adaptive changes in pharmacotherapy for patch non-responders.[34] Rose continues to develop personalized approaches to smoking cessation treatment based on smokers’ characteristics, including level of nicotine dependence, and genomic markers, which he helped to identify in the first genome-wide association studies of smoking cessation treatment outcome.[35] [36] [37] [38]

Selected publications

References
  1. Rose, Jed. "Duke Medical Center Faculty Directory". Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
  2. "Method and apparatus for aiding in the reduction of incidence of tobacco smoking". Retrieved 1 April 2016.
  3. "Rose Research Center". Retrieved 1 April 2016.
  4. "Duke Center for Smoking Cessation". Retrieved 1 April 2016.
  5. "Jed Eugene Rose Birth Record". Retrieved 21 April 2016.
  6. "Murray E. Jarvik, Obituary". Retrieved 4 April 2016.
  7. Weber, Bruce (2008-05-13). "Murray Jarvik, 84, Whose Research Helped Lead to Nicotine Patch, Dies". The New York Times. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
  8. Ii, Thomas H. Maugh (2008-05-14). "Invention of the Nicotine Skin Patch". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 4 April 2016.
  9. Ii, Thomas H. Maugh (2008-05-14). "Transdermal administration of nicotine". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 4 April 2016.
  10. Ii, Thomas H. Maugh (2008-05-14). "Method and apparatus for aiding in the reduction of incidence of tobacco smoking". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 4 April 2016.
  11. "Nicotine–mecamylamine treatment for smoking cessation: The role of pre-cessation therapy". Retrieved 4 April 2016.
  12. Rose, JE; Behm, FM; Westman, EC; Levin, ED; Stein, RM; Ripka, GV (1994). "Mecamylamine combined with nicotine skin patch facilitates smoking cessation beyond nicotine patch treatment alone". Clin Pharmacol Ther. 56 (1): 86–99. doi:10.1038/clpt.1994.105. PMID 8033499. S2CID 40192890.
  13. Rose, JE; Behm, FM; Westman, EC (2001). "Acute effects of nicotine and mecamylamine on tobacco withdrawal symptoms, cigarette reward and ad lib smoking". Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 68 (2): 187–97. doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(00)00465-2. PMID 11267622. S2CID 24866606.
  14. Rose, JE; Behm, FM; Westman, EC (1998). "Nicotine-mecamylamine treatment for smoking cessation: the role of pre-cessation therapy". Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 6 (3): 331–43. doi:10.1037/1064-1297.6.3.331. PMID 9725117.
  15. "Refined cigarette smoke as a means to reduce nicotine intake". Retrieved 4 April 2016.
  16. "The Health Consequences of Smoking: Nicotine Addiction: A Report of the Surgeon General". 1988. Retrieved 4 April 2016.
  17. "Sensory blockade of smoking satisfaction". Retrieved 4 April 2016.
  18. Rose, JE; Behm, FM; Levin, ED (1993). "Role of nicotine dose and sensory cues in the regulation of smoke intake". Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 44 (4): 891–900. doi:10.1016/0091-3057(93)90021-k. PMID 8469698. S2CID 42902056.
  19. Westman, EC; Behm, FM; Rose, JE (1995). "Airway sensory replacement combined with nicotine replacement for smoking cessation. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial using a citric acid inhaler". Chest. 107 (5): 1358–64. doi:10.1378/chest.107.5.1358. PMID 7750331. S2CID 27147746.
  20. Rose, JE; Westman, EC; Behm, FM; Johnson, MP; Goldberg, JS (1999). "Blockade of smoking satisfaction using the peripheral nicotinic antagonist trimethaphan". Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 62 (1): 165–72. doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(98)00153-1. PMID 9972860. S2CID 2198708.
  21. "Better World Project Article".
  22. Rose, JE; Jarvik, ME; Rose, KD (May 1984). "Transdermal administration of nicotine". Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 13 (3): 209–213. doi:10.1016/0376-8716(84)90061-9. PMID 6734425.
  23. "Believe It or Not, Big Tobacco May Help Make Anti-Addiction Drugs". HuffPost. 2014-06-17. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
  24. Rose, Jed E.; Levin, Edward D.; Behm, Frederique M.; Westman, Eric C.; Stein, Roy M.; Lane, James D.; Ripka, Gail V. (1994). "Combined Agonist-Antagonist Treatment for Nicotine and Other Drug Dependencies". Neuropsychopharmacology. 11 (4): 281. doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1380199.
  25. Coe, JW; Brooks, PR; Vetelino, MG; et al. (May 2005). "Varenicline: an alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptor partial agonist for smoking cessation". J. Med. Chem. 48 (10): 3474–7. doi:10.1021/jm050069n. PMID 15887955. S2CID 83548212.
  26. "Ready to Quit Smoking?". Los Angeles Times. 16 February 2009.
  27. Yilmazel Ucar, E; Araz, O; Yilmaz, N; Akgun, M; Meral, M; Kaynar, H; Saglam, L (2014). "Effectiveness of pharmacologic therapies on smoking cessation success: three years results of a smoking cessation clinic". Multidiscip Respir Med. 9 (1): 9. doi:10.1186/2049-6958-9-9. PMC 3916028. PMID 24495744.
  28. Rose, JE; Salley, A; Behm, FM; Bates, JE; Westman, EC (2010). "Reinforcing effects of nicotine and non-nicotine components of cigarette smoke". Psychopharmacology. 210 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1007/s00213-010-1810-2. PMC 4154143. PMID 20358364.
  29. "Duke nicotine research conference examines tobacco addiction". Retrieved 21 April 2016.
  30. Rose, J. E.; Mukhin, A. G.; Lokitz, S. J.; Turkington, T. G.; Herskovic, J.; Behm, F. M.; Garg, S.; Garg, P. K. (2010). "Kinetics of brain nicotine accumulation in dependent and nondependent smokers assessed with PET and cigarettes containing 11C-nicotine". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 107 (11): 5190–5195. Bibcode:2010PNAS..107.5190R. doi:10.1073/pnas.0909184107. PMC 2841893. PMID 20212132.
  31. McKinney, DL; Gogova, M; Davies, BD; Ramakrishnan, V; Fisher, K; Carter, WH; Karnes, HT; Garnett, WR; Iyer, SS; Somani, AA; Kobal, G; Barr, WH (2012). "Evaluation of the effect of ammonia on nicotine pharmacokinetics using rapid arterial sampling". Nicotine Tob Res. 14 (5): 586–95. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntr257. PMID 22140146. S2CID 20624588.
  32. "Smokers Double Their Quit Rate By Wearing Nicotine Patch Before Stopping".
  33. "Nicotine Patch Before Quitting Doubles Success Rate".
  34. Rose, JE; Behm, FM (2013). "Adapting smoking cessation treatment according to initial response to precessation nicotine patch". Am J Psychiatry. 170 (8): 860–7. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.12070919. PMC 4562286. PMID 23640009.
  35. Uhl, G. R.; Walther, D.; Musci, R.; Fisher, C.; Anthony, J. C.; Storr, C. L.; Behm, F. M.; Eaton, W. W.; Ialongo, N.; Rose, J. E. (2014). "Smoking quit success genotype score predicts quit success and distinct patterns of developmental involvement with common addictive substances". Molecular Psychiatry. 19 (1): 50–54. doi:10.1038/mp.2012.155. PMC 3922203. PMID 23128154.
  36. Rose, JE; Behm, FM; Drgon, T; Johnson, C; Uhl, GR (2010). "Personalized smoking cessation: interactions between nicotine dose, dependence and quit-success genotype score". Mol. Med. 16 (7–8): 247–53. doi:10.2119/molmed.2009.00159. PMC 2896464. PMID 20379614.
  37. Rose, JE; Herskovic, JE; Behm, FM; Westman, EC (2009). "Precessation treatment with nicotine patch significantly increases abstinence rates relative to conventional treatment". Nicotine Tob Res. 11 (9): 1067–75. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntp103. PMID 19567826.
  38. Rose, JE; Behm, FM (2014). "Combination treatment with varenicline and bupropion in an adaptive smoking cessation paradigm". Am J Psychiatry. 171 (11): 1199–205. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.13050595. PMC 4557205. PMID 24934962.
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