Jeffrey Braithwaite

Jeffrey Braithwaite BA [UNE], DipIR, MIR [Syd], MBA [Macq], PhD [UNSW], FIML, FACHSM, FAAHMS, FFPHRCP [UK], FAcSS [UK], Hon FRACMA is an Australian professor, health services and systems researcher, writer and commentator, with an international profile and affiliations. He is Founding Director of the Australian Institute of Health Innovation at Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Director of the Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation; Professor of Health Systems Research, Macquarie University. His is President of the International Society for Quality in Healthcare.

His work appears in journals such as the British Medical Journal,The Journal of the American Medical Association The Lancet, Social Science & Medicine, BMJ Quality & Safety, and the International Journal for Quality in Health Care.

Braithwaite has a TED Talk on the future of humanity “Turning, breaking or vanishing point?”

Jeffrey Braithwaite

He has a website devoted to wide-ranging intellectual contributions - about the universe, life, history, the Anthropocene, and the humanities - drawing on ideas and studies from philosophy, psychology, big history, science and cosmology - Naturally Curious ...

Career

He has tertiary qualifications in psychology, industrial relations and business administration and holds a Doctorate of Philosophy from the University of New South Wales.

In 2000 he was appointed a Fellow of the Australian Institute of Management (FAIM), now known as the Institute of Managers and Leaders (FIML). In 2001 he was conferred as Fellow of the Australasian College of Health Service Management (FCHSM) and in 2012 as Honorary Fellow of the Royal Australasian College of Medical Administrators. In 2014 he was made Fellow in the distinction grade, Faculty of Public Health, Royal College of Physicians, United Kingdom (FFPH, RCP). In 2015 he was conferred as Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences, United Kingdom (FAcSS). In 2017 he was awarded Fellow of the Australian Academy of Health and Medical Sciences (FAAHMS).

In 2017 the International Society for Quality in Healthcare announced his appointment as President-Elect for 2017-2020 and he is now president 2020–2023.[1]

Braithwaite has appointments with six other universities internationally including Honorary Senior International Research Fellow at the Canon Institute for Global Studies (Japan),[2] Honorary Professor, University of Birmingham (UK),[3] Honorary Professor, Newcastle University (UK), Adjunct Professor for Resilient Health Care and Patient Safety, University of Southern Denmark (Denmark)[4] and Honorary Professor, University of Stavanger (Norway).

He is a professor of Health Systems Research with the Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences at Macquarie University and his publications can be viewed on Google Scholar.

Braithwaite is a Faculty Member of the Safety, Quality, Informatics, Leadership (SQIL) International Certificate Program, Harvard University Medical School, 2020–present. He is a Member of the Genomics National Steering Committee, Australian Genomics Health Alliance, Melbourne, Australia, 2018–present and an International Member, WHO Global Patient Safety Network, Geneva, Switzerland, 2015–present.

Research contributions

Braithwaite has published research on resilient healthcare,[5] implementation science,[6] health systems sustainability,[7] complexity science,[8] patient safety,[9] international healthcare reform,[10] professional cultures,[11] change and restructuring,[12][13] climate change and learning health systems.[14] His publications can be viewed on Google Scholar.

Resilient Healthcare

From 2011 with colleagues including Professor Erik Hollnagel, University of Southern Denmark, the late Professor Bob Wears, University of Florida, and Doctor Garth Hunte, St. Paul's and Mount St. Joseph Hospital and as part of Denmark's Resilient Health Care Net initiative, Braithwaite co-authored a series of books on resilient healthcare and Safety II.[8][15][16][17][18][19]

Braithwaite has provided policy and development support to the Resilient Health Care Net and annual conference with Professor Erik Hollnagel, Associate Professor Axel Ros and colleagues. He is a member of the Resilient Health Care Society.

Braithwaite led the Deepening our Understanding of Quality in Australia (DUQuA) research project - A ground-breaking study to inform decision-making on the implementation of quality and safety systems and processes in hospitals in Australia and internationally.[20]

The article, The power of autonomy and resilience in healthcare delivery,[21] by Braithwaite, Russell Mannion, Mark Exworthy and Siri Wiig was published in The BMJ on 4 July 2023.

Implementation science

In 2017 Braithwaite was awarded a National Health and Medical Research Council project grant for the Centre for Research Excellence in Implementation Science in Oncology to turn research knowledge into effective patient-centred practice by bringing together researchers, policy makers, clinicians and patients.

Health system sustainability

In 2016 Braithwaite was awarded a National Health and Medical Research Council partnership centre grant to establish the Centre for Health System Sustainability to support the implementation of research-informed improvements in healthcare.

In 2019 Braithwaite was awarded a National Health and Medical Research Council investigator grant to design and implement a real-world learning healthcare system.

Complexity science and patient safety

Braithwaite has commented publicly on patient safety[22] and the complex nature[23][24][25][26] of healthcare systems and how the number of adverse events experienced by patients in hospital has not decreased.

In 2017, Braithwaite's white paper Complexity Science in Healthcare – Aspirations, Approaches, Applications and Accomplishments[27] was published. It advocates for healthcare to be recognised as a complex adaptive system and outlines potential applications to healthcare in Australia and worldwide. Braithwaite is a partner with the Australian Genomics Health Alliance.

Braithwaite co-led the CareTrack Australia project, part of a National Health and Medical Research Council program grant, that examined the appropriateness of the care provided in Australia. It showed that adults in Australian received appropriate care in 57% of consultations. Results were published in the Medical Journal of Australia. Runciman WB, Hunt TD, Hannaford NA, Hibbert PD, Westbrook JI, Coiera E, Day RO, Hindmarsh DM, McGlynn EA, Braithwaite J. CareTrack: Assessing the appropriateness of healthcare delivery in Australia. Medical Journal of Australia. 2012; 197(2):100-5.

Results from the CareTrack Kids study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association which he also co-led showed children in Australia receive care in line with clinical practice guideline recommendations on average 60 percent of the time. Braithwaite J, Hibbert P, Jaffe A, White L, Cowell C, Harris M, Runciman W, Hallahan AR, Wheaton G, Williams H, Murphy E, Molloy C, Wiles L, Ramanathan S, Arnolda G, Ting HP, Hooper TD, Szabo N, Wakefield JG, Hughes CF, Schmiede A, Dalton C, Dalton S, Holt J, Donaldson L, Kelley E, Lilford R, Lachman P, Muething S. The quality of health care for children in Australia. Journal of the American Medical Association. 2018; 319(11):1113-24.

CareTrack Aged, led by Braithwaite, has published the first set of clinical indicators for guideline-adherent, appropriate care of commonly managed conditions and processes in aged care.[28]

International healthcare reform

Braithwaite has consulted to the World Health Organization (WHO) and AusAid, particularly to the governments of East Timor, Laos, Papua New Guinea and the People's Republic of China; to WHO Centre for Health Development Kobe in Japan (also known as WHO Kobe Centre) and the Shanghai Municipal Health Bureau. Braithwaite has been an International member of the WHO Global Patient Safety Network, Geneva, Switzerland since 2015. He is a Technical Advisor to the Regional Director of the Eastern Mediterranean Region of WHO, 2019–2021.

In 2015 Braithwaite edited Healthcare Reform, Quality and Safety: Perspectives, Participants, Partnerships and Prospects in 30 Countries[29] which showcased success stories of healthcare systems worldwide. This was followed by a second book in this series, Health Systems Improvement across the globe – success stories from 60 countries[30] - which invited authors from poor-, middle- and high-income countries to contribute articles illustrating where their health system has done well and providing lessons for other countries. A third book in the reform series covered 152 countries, Healthcare Systems: Future Predictions for Global Care.[31]

He has contributed to policy and the development of multiple international organisations including with, or advising, the Canon Institute for Global Studies (Japan), Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (NIVEL), and Haute Autorité de Santé (France) between 2008 and the present.

Braithwaite developed and taught various educational activities on health services management for the Shanghai Health Bureau, People's Republic of China, on behalf of the World Health Organization between 1997 and 2000.

He developed a strategic approach to research and provided input to a research plan for the Danish Institute for Quality and Accreditation in Healthcare (IKAS), the Danish accreditation provider, over 2009–2010.

Learning Health Systems

Braithwaite has advanced the field of Learning Health Systems with the publication 'Mapping the learning health system: a scoping review of current evidence. A white paper.'

Braithwaite summarised the challenges to health systems around the world in the paper 'The three numbers you need to know about healthcare: the 60-30-10 challenge[32]' referring to the figures 60% of healthcare on average is in line with guidelines, 30% of care is some form of waste or low value care, and 10% is harmful.

Climate change and human health

Braithwaite has published on how addressing carbon emissions from the health system can help address climate change targets.[33] Braithwaite is editor of an academic book on climate change and human health that will be published in 2023. He is an expert advisor to the European Union on climate change and health systems.

Selected Awards and honours
2021 Macquarie University Excellence in Research – Five Future-shaping Research Priorities: Healthy People. The NHMRC Partnership Centre for Health System Sustainability led by Braithwaite, J., Coiera, E., Westbrook, J., Zurynski, Y and Georgiou, A.
2021 Braithwaite, J. (2021) Awarded the Sidney Sax medal an outstanding contribution to the development and improvement of the Australian healthcare system in the field of health services policy, organisation, delivery and research, Australian Healthcare and Hospitals Association (AHHA). https://ahha.asn.au/events/2021-sidney-sax-medal-presentation.
2020 Awarded the Peter Reizenstein Award for Best Paper Published in the International Journal for Quality in Health Care (IJQHC) in 2020—Braithwaite, J., Tran, Y., Ellis, L.A. and Westbrook, J. (2020). The 40 health systems, COVID-19 (40HS, C-19) study. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, mzaa113. doi: doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzaa113.
2020 Awarded a top 10% downloaded paper for 2018-2019 (Wiley)—Churruca, K., Ludlow, K., Taylor, N., Long, J.C., Best, S. and Braithwaite, J. (2019) The time has come: embedded implementation research for health care improvement. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 25(3):373-380. doi:10.1111/jep.13100.
2020 Awarded a top 10% downloaded paper for 2018-2019 (Wiley)—Lamprell, K., Arnolda, G., Delaney, G., Liauw, W. and Braithwaite, J. (2019) The challenge of putting principles into practice: resource tensions and real-world constraints in multidisciplinary oncology team meetings. Asia-Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology, 15(4):199-207. doi:10.1111/ajco.13166.
2019 Winner Peter Reizenstein Award for Best Paper Published in the International Journal for Quality in Health Care (IJQHC) in 2018—Hibbert, P.D., Thomas, M.J.W., Deakin, A., Runciman, W.B., Braithwaite, J., Lomax, S., Prescott, J., Gorrie, G., Szczygielski, A., Surwald, T. and Fraser, C. (2018) Are root cause analyses recommendations effective and sustainable?: an observational study. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 30(2);124-131. doi: 10.1093/intqhc/mzx181.
2016 Winner Cancer Institute NSW Premier's Award for Outstanding Cancer Research for the paper Taylor, N., Long, J.C., Debono, D., Williams, R., Salisbury, E., O'Neill, S.O., Eykman, E., Braithwaite, J. and Chin, M.
2015 Named Research Australia: Health Services Researcher of the Year, 2015.
2011 Awarded The Australian Council on Healthcare Standards (ACHS) Medal for outstanding contribution by an individual to improving quality and safety in Australian health services.
2005 Winner Carrick Institute Citation for Outstanding Contribution to Student Learning.

References
  1. "People Directory :: ISQua".
  2. "Yukihiro MATSUYAMA | Research Fellows | the Canon Institute for Global Studies".
  3. "Honorary staff - University of Birmingham".
  4. "Professor Braithwaite appointed as Adjunct Professor, University of Southern Denmark | News & Events".
  5. Braithwaite, Jeffrey; Wears, Robert L.; Hollnagel, Erik (October 2015). "Resilient health care: turning patient safety on its head". International Journal for Quality in Health Care. 27 (5): 418–420. doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzv063. ISSN 1464-3677. PMID 26294709.
  6. Braithwaite, Jeffrey; Westbrook, Mary T.; Iedema, Rick; Mallock, Nadine A.; Forsyth, Rowena; Zhang, Kai (March 2005). "A tale of two hospitals: assessing cultural landscapes and compositions". Social Science & Medicine. 60 (5): 1149–1162. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.06.046. ISSN 0277-9536. PMID 15589681.
  7. Braithwaite, Jeffrey; Testa, Luke; Lamprell, Gina; Herkes, Jessica; Ludlow, Kristiana; McPherson, Elise; Campbell, Margie; Holt, Joanna (12 November 2017). "Built to last? The sustainability of health system improvements, interventions and change strategies: a study protocol for a systematic review". BMJ Open. 7 (11): e018568. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018568. ISSN 2044-6055. PMC 5695467. PMID 29133332.
  8. Resilient health care. Hollnagel, Erik, 1941-, Braithwaite, Jeffrey, 1954-, Wears, Robert L. Farnham, Surrey, UK England: Ashgate. 2013. ISBN 9781409469780. OCLC 855504811.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  9. Iedema, Roderick Aren Michael; Jorm, Christine; Braithwaite, Jeffrey; Travaglia, Jo; Lum, Martin (September 2006). "A root cause analysis of clinical error: confronting the disjunction between formal rules and situated clinical activity". Social Science & Medicine. 63 (5): 1201–1212. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.03.035. ISSN 0277-9536. PMID 16690184.
  10. Braithwaite, Jeffrey; Mannion, Russell; Matsuyama, Yukihiro; Shekelle, Paul; Whittaker, Stuart; Al-Adawi, Samir; Ludlow, Kristiana; James, Wendy; Ting, Hsuen P (1 October 2017). "Accomplishing reform: successful case studies drawn from the health systems of 60 countries". International Journal for Quality in Health Care. 29 (6): 880–886. doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzx122. ISSN 1353-4505. PMC 5890865. PMID 29036604.
  11. Culture and climate in health care organizations. Braithwaite, Jeffrey, 1954-, Hyde, Paula., Pope, Catherine., Palgrave Connect (Online service). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. 2010. ISBN 9780230584655. OCLC 649381013.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  12. Braithwaite, Jeffrey (12 July 2007). "How to restructure-proof your health service". BMJ. 335 (7610): 99. doi:10.1136/bmj.39272.443137.59. ISSN 0959-8138. PMC 1914453.
  13. Braithwaite, Jeffrey (24 November 2005). "Invest in people, not restructuring". BMJ. 331 (7527): 1272. doi:10.1136/bmj.331.7527.1272-a. ISSN 0959-8138. PMC 1289372. PMID 16308407.
  14. Braithwaite, J; Dammery, G; Spanos, S; Smith, C; Ellis, L; Churruca, K; Fisher, G; Zurynski, Y (10 February 2023). Learning health systems 2.0: future-proofing healthcare against pandemics and climate change. Retrieved 11 July 2023. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  15. Hollnagel, Professor Erik; Braithwaite, Professor Jeffrey; Wears, Professor Robert L. (28 March 2015). Resilient health care. Volume 2, The resilience of everyday clinical work. Hollnagel, Erik, 1941-, Braithwaite, Jeffrey, 1954-, Wears, Robert L. (Second ed.). Farnham. ISBN 9781472437822. OCLC 899704731.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  16. Braithwaite, Jeffrey; Wears, Robert L.; Hollnagel, Eric (22 August 2016). Resilient Health Care Volume 3: Reconciling Work-as-Imagined and Work-as-Done. Abingdon, UK: Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-4987-8056-8.
  17. Hollnagel, Eric; Braithwaite, Jeffrey; Wears, Robert L. Resilient Health Care Volume 4: Delivering Resilient Health Care. Abingdon, UK: Routledge: Taylor & Francis Group. ISBN 978-113-860-225-0.
  18. Braithwaite, Jeffrey; Hollnagel, Eric; Hunte, Garthe S. (18 June 2019). Resilient Health Care Volume 5: Working Acros Boundaries. Boca Raton, FL: Routledge: Taylor & Francis Group. ISBN 9780367224592.
  19. Braithwaite, Jeffrey; Hollnagel, Erik; Hunte, Garthe (2021). Resilient Health Care Volume 6: Muddling Through with Purpose. Routledge: Taylor & Francis Group. ISBN 9780367558031.
  20. Braithwaite, J; Taylor, N; Clay-Williams, R; Ting, HP; Arnold, G (3 December 2019). "Conclusion: the road ahead: where should we go now to improve healthcare quality in acute settings?". International Journal for Quality in Health Care. 32 (Supplement_1, January 2020): 99–103. doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzz098. PMID 31665297.
  21. Mannion, R; Exworthy, M; Wiig, S; Braithwaite, J (4 July 2023). "The power of autonomy and resilience in healthcare delivery". BMJ. 382: e073331. doi:10.1136/bmj-2022-073331. PMC 10316644. PMID 37402536.
  22. Braithwaite, Jeffrey; Westbrook, Mary T.; Robinson, Maureen; Michael, Sarah; Pirone, Christy; Robinson, Philip (May 2011). "Improving patient safety: the comparative views of patient-safety specialists, workforce staff and managers". BMJ Quality & Safety. 20 (5): 424–431. doi:10.1136/bmjqs.2010.047605. ISSN 2044-5423. PMID 21242528. S2CID 21555114.
  23. "Patient safety: Why we need less hierarchy and more "geeks" - Sax Institute". Sax Institute. 20 April 2017. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
  24. Taylor, Andrew (18 April 2017). "Patient safety expert Sir Liam Donaldson wants to get rid of the 'patronising attitude' in health care". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
  25. Alexander, Harriet (3 February 2016). "NSW public hospitals record rise in medication errors, surgical errors, inpatient suicides". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
  26. Aubusson, Kate; Alexander, Harriet (3 September 2016). "Probe after second stillborn cremation error at RNS Hospital morgue". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
  27. Braithwaite, Jeffrey (August 2017). Complexity science in healthcare - aspirations, approaches, applications and accomplishments : a white paper. Churruca, Kate,, Ellis, Louise A. 1975-, Long, Janet c.,, Clay-Williams, Robyn.,, Damen, Nikki,, Herkes, Jessica. South Yarra: Macmillan Education Australia. ISBN 9781741384567. OCLC 1001721355.
  28. Hibbert, P; Molloy, C; Wiles, L; Cameron, D; Gray, L; Reed, R; Kitson, A; Georgiou, A; Gordon, S; Westrbook, J; Arnolda, G; Mitchell, R; Rapport, F; Estabrooks, C; Braithwaite, J (21 April 2022). "Designing clinical indicators for common residential aged care conditions and processes of care: the CareTrack Aged development and validation study". International Journal for Quality in Health Care. 34 (2, 2022). doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzac033. PMID 35445264.
  29. Braithwaite, J.; Matsuyama, Y.; Mannion, R.; Johnson, J. (2015). Healthcare Reform, Quality and Safety: Perspectives, Participants, Partnerships and Prospects in 30 Countries. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-1-4724-5140-8.
  30. Jeffrey., Braithwaite (2017). Health Systems Improvement Across the Globe. London: CRC Press. ISBN 9781472482044. OCLC 1000394292.
  31. Braithwaite, J.; Mannion, R.; Matsuyama, Y.; Shekelle, P.; Whittaker, S.; Al-Adawi, S. (2018). Healthcare Systems: Future Predictions for Global Care. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor & Francis Group. ISBN 978-1-138-05260-4.
  32. Braithwaite, J; Glasziou, P; Westbrook, J (4 May 2020). "The three numbers you need to know about healthcare: the 60-30-10 Challenge". BMC Medicine. 18 (1): 102. doi:10.1186/s12916-020-01563-4. PMC 7197142. PMID 32362273.
  33. Smith, C; Zurynski, Y; Braithwaite, J (December 2022). "We can't mitigate what we don't monitor: using informatics to measure and improve healthcare systems' climate impact and environmental footprint". Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association. 29 (12): 2168–2173. doi:10.1093/jamia/ocac113. PMC 9667189. PMID 35822400.
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