Jet trainer

A jet trainer is a jet aircraft for use as a trainer, whether for basic or advanced flight training. Jet trainers are either custom designs or modifications of existing aircraft. With the introduction of military jet-powered aircraft towards the end of the World War II it became a requirement to train pilots in the handling of such aircraft.

The Lockheed T-33, the most produced jet trainer

History

The first generation of trainers in the 1940s were modified from existing designs like the Gloster Meteor and Lockheed T-33 but with these were followed by custom training aircraft like the Aero L-29 Delfín and the BAC Jet Provost.

As training developed different air forces used jet trainers for different phases of training. Although most air forces continued to use piston or later turboprop aircraft for basic training, a number of jet trainers like the Cessna T-37 Tweet appeared for the early stages of pilot training. Pilots who were picked to fly fighter or strike aircraft then went on to fly more advanced training aircraft like the Hawker Siddeley Gnat.

As the early jet-trainers became obsolete then further generations have appeared, the British using the single-engine BAE Systems Hawk while the French ordered the Dassault/Dornier Alpha Jet. In the Warsaw Pact the Aero L-39 Albatros became the standard jet trainer.

As the jet trainer developed it was also used for weapon training, which led to some trainers being modified as light strike aircraft; for example, the Cessna T-37 Tweet was developed into the Cessna A-37 Dragonfly.

Modern jet trainers are structurally strengthened in order to allow high stress maneuvers and aerobatics.

List of jet trainers

Below is a list of some current and former jet trainers

An Aero L-39 Albatros
The JASDF Kawasaki T-4
A US Navy T-2 Buckeye
Aircraft Country 1st flight No. built Status
Aermacchi MB-326Italy1957800Limited service
Aermacchi MB-339Italy1976230Operational[1]
Aero L-29 DelfínCzechoslovakia19593,500Operational
Aero L-39 AlbatrosCzechoslovakia19682,800Operational[1]
Aero L-39NGCzech Republic20184In development
Aero L-59 Super AlbatrosCzechoslovakia198660Operational[1]
Aero L-159 AlcaCzech Republic199772Operational[1]
AIDC AT-3 Tzu ChungRepublic of China198063Operational[1]
AIDC T-5 Brave EagleRepublic of China20205Operational[2]
BAC Jet ProvostUnited Kingdom1954741Retired
BAe HawkUnited Kingdom19741,000Operational[1]
Boeing/Saab T-7A Red HawkUnited States / Sweden20162In development
CASA C-101Spain1977166Operational[1]
Canadair CT-133 Silver StarCanada1952656Retired
Canadair CT-114 TutorCanada1960212Retired
Cessna T-37 TweetUnited States19541,269Limited service[1]
Dassault/Dornier Alpha JetFrance / Germany1973480Operational[1]
Douglas TA-4E/J SkyhawkUnited States1954547Operational
Fiat G.80Italy19514Retired
FMA IA 63 PampaArgentina198427Operational[1]
Fokker S.14 MachtrainerNetherlands195121Retired
Folland GnatUnited Kingdom1955105Retired
Fouga MagisterFrance1952929Retired
Fouga ZéphyrFrance195932Retired
Fuji T-1Japan195866Retired
Mitsubishi T-2Japan197190Retired
Grumman F9F-8T/TF-9J CougarUnited States1951400Retired
HAL HJT-16 KiranIndia1964190Operational[1]
HAL HJT-36 SitaraIndia20036Limited series production
HESA YasinIran20192In development
Hispano HA-200Spain1955212Retired
Hongdu JL-8/Karakorum-8People's Republic of China / Pakistan1990500Operational[1]
Guizhou JL-9People's Republic of China200320Operational
Hongdu JL-10People's Republic of China2006100Operational[1]
IAR 99Romania198528Operational
KAI T-50 Golden EagleSouth Korea200282Operational[1]
Kawasaki T-4Japan1985208Operational[1]
Leonardo M 346 MasterItaly200468Operational[1]
Lockheed T-33United States19486,557Retired
Lockheed T2V SeaStarUnited States1953150Retired
McDonnell Douglas T-45 GoshawkUnited States1988221Operational[1]
Morane-Saulnier MS.760 ParisFrance1964165Retired
North American T-2 BuckeyeUnited States19591,146Operational
Northrop T-38 Talon[3]United States1958529Operational[1]
PZL I-22 IrydaPoland198517Retired
PZL TS-11 IskraPoland1960424Retired
Saab 105Sweden1963192Operational
Soko G-2 GalebYugoslavia1961248Limited service
Soko G-4 Super GalebYugoslavia197885Operational[1]
SIAI-Marchetti S.211Italy198160Operational[1]
Temco TT PintoUnited States195615Retired
Yakovlev Yak-130Russia1996186Operational[1]

References

  1. "World Air Forces 2021". Flightglobal Insight. 2021. Retrieved 20 August 2021.
  2. Taiwan receives first-production T-5 advanced trainer 30 NOVEMBER 2021,© Janes.com 2021 All Rights Reserved
  3. Factsheets : T-38 Talon : T-38 Talon Archived 2005-10-21 at the Wayback Machine
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