Johan Andreas Murray
Johan Andreas (Anders) Murray (27 January 1740 – 22 May 1791) was a Swedish physician of German descent and botanist, who published a major work on plant-derived medicines.
Johan Andreas (Anders) Murray | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 27 January 1740 Stockholm, Sweden |
| Died | 22 May 1791 (aged 51) Göttingen, Germany |
| Nationality | Swedish |
| Occupation(s) | Physician, Botanist |
| Known for | Research into vegetable drugs |
Biography
Johan Anders Murray was born in Stockholm on 27 January 1740, son of the Prussian-born preacher and theologian Andreas Murray (1695 - 1771). His brothers were the professors Johann Philipp Murray (1726-1776) and Adolph Murray (1751-1803), and the Bishop Gustaf Murray (1747-1825).[1]
Murray studied from 1756-1759 in Uppsala, where he was taught by Carl Linnaeus. In 1760, he went to Göttingen, where he became a doctor of medicine in 1763.[2] In 1769, he was appointed professor and director of the botanical garden.[2] He led investigations into the properties of medicinal plants, at that time the main interest of botanists, and into the ways in which plant-derived medicines could be prepared and administered.[3]
In 1791, Murray was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society.[4] Murray died in Göttingen on 22 May 1791.[2]
Work
Murray was a prominent pharmacologist and botanist. His work Apparatus medicaminum (1776–92) in six volumes, of which the last was published only after his death, is a comprehensive compilation of herbal remedies. Its full title is Apparatus medicaminum tam simplicium quam præparatorum et compositorum in praxeos adiumentum consideratus, meaning ‘The Formulation of Medicines as Simple as Prepared and Arranged in Practice and Careful Aid’.
In addition, he published German translations of numerous writings by Swedish physicians.[2] In 1774 he published the 13th edition of Linnaeus's Systema Naturæ under the title Systema Vegetabilium (‘System of the Vegetable Kingdom’), with an introduction he wrote himself called Regnum Vegetabile (‘The Vegetable Kingdom’).[5] The standard botanical abbreviation for this is Syst. Veg..[6] A fourteenth edition was published in 1784.
Legacy
The citrus genus Murraya is named for Johan Andreas Murray.
Partial bibliography
Murray was the author of many treatises and translations, which included:
- Murray, Johann Andreas (1765). Commentatio De Arbuto Uva Ursi: Exhibens Descriptionem Eius Botanicam Analysin Chemicam Eiusque In Medicina Et Oeconomia Varium Usum. Pockwitzius Et Barmeierus. Retrieved 2013-01-11.Digital edition by the University and State Library Düsseldorf
- Murray, Johann Andreas (1769). De Vermibus In Lepra Obviis: Iuncta Leprosi Historia Et De Lumbricorum Setis Observationes Reg. Societati Scientiarum Gotting. Praelectae Cum Figuris Aeneis. Dieterich. Retrieved 2013-01-11.
- Murray, Johan Anders (1770). Prodromvs designationis stirpivm Gottingensivm. J. C. Dieterich. Retrieved 2013-01-11.
- Murray, Johann Andreas (1773). Enumeratio librorum praecipuorum medici argumenti. Weygand. Retrieved 2013-01-11.
- Linné, Carl von (1774). Murray, Johann Andreas (ed.). Systema vegetabilium (13th edition of Systema Naturae) (2 vols.). Göttingen: Typis et impensis Jo. Christ. Dieterich. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
- Linné, Carl von (1785) [1774]. Systema vegetabilium (13th edition of Systema Naturae) [A System of Vegetables 2 vols.]. Lichfield: Lichfield Botanical Society. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
- Linné, Carl von (1784). Murray, Johann Andreas (ed.). Systema vegetabilium (14th edition of Systema Naturae). Typis et impensis Jo. Christ. Dieterich. Retrieved 2013-01-11.
- Murray, Johann Andreas; Seger, Ludwig Christian (1785). Arzneyvorrath. Retrieved 2013-01-11.
- Murray, Johann Andreas (1785). J. Andreae Murray ... Opuscula, in quibus commentationes varias, tam medicas, quam ad rem naturalem spectantes, retractavit, emendavit, auxit. Retrieved 2013-01-11.
- Murray, Johann Andreas (1794). Apparatus medicaminum tam simplicium quam praeparatorum et compositorum in praxeos adiumentum consideratus ... auctore Jo. Andrea Murray. Retrieved 2013-01-11.
References
Citations
- MURRAY, ANDREAS och hans söner 1843.
- Murray: 1. Johan Anders M.
- Feingold & Brotons 2006, p. 267.
- "Johann A. Murray". American Philosophical Society Member History. American Philosophical Society. Retrieved 16 December 2020.
- Rousseau 2011, p. 118.
- Griffiths, Griffiths (June 1785). The Monthly Review (see The Monthly Review). p. 401.
Sources
- Feingold, Mordechai; Brotons, Víctor Navarro (2006). Universities And Science in the Early Modern Period. Springer. ISBN 978-1-4020-3975-1.
- Gledhill, D. (2008). The Names of Plants. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-86645-3. Retrieved 2013-01-11.
- "Murray: 1. Johan Anders M.". Nordisk familjebok. Retrieved 2013-01-11.
- "MURRAY, ANDREAS och hans söner". Biographiskt Lexicon öfver namnkunnige Svenska Män. 1843. p. 197.
- Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (2011). Reveries of the Solitary Walker. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-956327-2.