John Cadwalader (jurist)

John Cadwalader (April 1, 1805 – January 26, 1879) was an American lawyer, jurist, and politician who served as a United States representative from Pennsylvania and a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.

John Cadwalader
Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania
In office
April 24, 1858 – January 26, 1879
Appointed byJames Buchanan
Preceded byJohn K. Kane
Succeeded byWilliam Butler
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Pennsylvania's 5th district
In office
March 4, 1855 – March 3, 1857
Preceded byJohn McNair
Succeeded byOwen Jones
Personal details
Born
John Cadwalader

(1805-04-01)April 1, 1805
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
DiedJanuary 26, 1879(1879-01-26) (aged 73)
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Resting placeChrist Church Burial Ground
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Political partyDemocratic
RelationsHorace Binney
Edith Wharton
RelativesClement Biddle
John Cadwalader
George Cadwalader
Thomas Cadwalader
Mary Cadwalader Rawle Jones
Beatrix Farrand
EducationUniversity of Pennsylvania (B.A.)
read law
Signature

Early ilfe

Cadwalader was born on April 1, 1805, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania into the prominent Cadwalader family.[1] He was the son of Mary (née Biddle) Cadwalader (1781–1850), of the Philadelphia Biddle family, and military leader Thomas Cadwalader (1779–1841).[2] Among his siblings was General George Cadwalader.[2]

His paternal grandfather was General John Cadwalader and his great-grandfather was Dr. Thomas Cadwalader.[2] His maternal grandfather, Clement Biddle, was also a military leader, having served under George Washington during the Revolutionary War.[2]

He received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1821 from the University of Pennsylvania and read law in 1825.[1]

Career

He entered private practice in Philadelphia from 1825 to 1855.[1] He was Solicitor for the Second Bank of the United States in Philadelphia in 1830.[1]

He was Vice Provost of the Law Academy of Philadelphia from 1833 to 1853.[1] He was a Captain in the Pennsylvania State Militia in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania in 1844,[1] which was called out for the Philadelphia Nativist Riots.[3]

He was elected as a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1867.[4]

Congressional service

Cadwalader was elected as a Democrat from Pennsylvania's 5th congressional district to the United States House of Representatives of the 34th United States Congress, serving from March 4, 1855, to March 3, 1857.[3] He declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1856.[3] He briefly resumed the practice of law in Philadelphia.[3]

Federal judicial service

Cadwalader was nominated by President James Buchanan on April 19, 1858, to a seat on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania vacated by Judge John K. Kane.[1] He was confirmed by the United States Senate on April 24, 1858, and received his commission the same day.[1] His service terminated on January 26, 1879, due to his death in Philadelphia.[1][5] He was interred in Christ Church Burial Ground at the old Christ Church in Philadelphia.[3] He was succeeded by Judge William Butler, who was nominated by President Rutherford B. Hayes.[6]

Personal life
Portrait of the jurist's son, John Cadwalader Jr.
His granddaughter, Mary Cadwalader Rawle, painted by William Oliver Stone (1868)

Cadwalader first married Mary Binney (1805–1831), daughter of Horace Binney, an Anti-Jacksonian United States Representative known for his public speeches; he founded the Hasty Pudding Club at Harvard.[7] Together, Mary and John had two daughters, including:[8]

  • Mary Binney Cadwalader (1829–1861), who married William Henry Rawle.[9]
  • Elizabeth Binney Cadwalader (1831–1900), who married George Harrison Hare of the U.S. Navy.[9]

Following his first wife's death from complications of childbirth, he married Henrietta Maria Bancker (1806–1889) with whom he had six children, includiing:[10]

  • Charles Evert Cadwalader (1839–1907), who fought in the U.S. Civil War and later became a physician.[11]
  • Anne Cadwalader (1842–1927), who married Rev. Henry James Rowland, eldest son of William Rowland,[12] in 1878.[9]
  • John Cadwalader Jr. (1843–1925), who married Mary Helen Fisher, a daughter of J. Francis Fisher and Eliza Izard (née Middleton) Fisher.[13]

Descendants

Through his eldest daughter Mary, Cadwalader was the grandfather of Mary Cadwalader Rawle (1850–1935),[14] who was married on March 24, 1870 to Frederic Rhinelander Jones (the brother of Edith Wharton); their daughter in turn was landscape architect Beatrix Cadwalader Jones Farrand (1872–1959).[8][15]

Cadwalader's grandson, John Cadwalader III (1874–1934), became trustee of the estate of his aunt Sophia Georgiana (née Fisher) Coxe (1841–1926) which funded the MMI Preparatory School.[16]

References
  1. John Cadwalader at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, a public domain publication of the Federal Judicial Center.
  2. "All-in-One Tree of John Cadwalader, Brg. Gen" (PDF). Cadwalader collection. Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Retrieved March 11, 2011.
  3. United States Congress. "John Cadwalader (id: C000011)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  4. "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved April 23, 2021.
  5. "Death of Judge Cadwalader: The Career of a Remarkable Jurist Ended" (PDF). The New York Times. Philadelphia (published January 27, 1879). January 26, 1879. p. 1. Retrieved June 16, 2023.
  6. William Butler at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, a public domain publication of the Federal Judicial Center.
  7. "Binney family papers 1809-1894". quod.lib.umich.edu. Manuscripts Division William L. Clements Library University of Michigan. Retrieved December 1, 2017.
  8. Charles Penrose Keith (1883). The provincial councillors of Pennsylvania, who held office between 1733–1776: and those earlier councillors who were some time chief magistrates of the province, and their descendants. W.S. Sharp Printing Company. pp. 260, 381–382. ISBN 9780788417658.
  9. Browning, Charles Henry (1891). Americans of Royal Descent: A Collection of Genealogies of American Families Whose Lineage is Traced to the Legimate Issue of Kings. Porter & Costes. p. 138. Retrieved June 14, 2023.
  10. "John Cadwalader Descent to Thomas F. Cadwalader II". Cadwalader Family Genealogy web site. Archived from the original on November 20, 2010. Retrieved March 11, 2011.
  11. "Dr. C.E. Cadwalader Dead.; Philadelphia Physician Dies of Heart Disease in London". The New York Times. London (published June 14, 1907). June 13, 1907. p. 7. Retrieved June 16, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  12. Wainwright, Nicholas B. (1964). Colonial Grandeur in Philadelphia: The House and Furniture of General John Cadwalader. Historical Society of Pennsylvania. p. 78. ISBN 978-0-910732-05-5. Retrieved June 14, 2023.
  13. "John Cadwalader Ill.; Distinguished Philadelphia Lawyer Is 82 Years Old". The New York Times. York Harbor, Maine (published September 5, 1924). September 4, 1925. p. 17. Retrieved June 16, 2023 – via Internet Archive.
  14. Welling, Richard (September 26, 1935). "The Late Mrs. Cadwalader Jones". The New York Times. p. 22. Retrieved June 14, 2023.
  15. "Mrs Mary C. Jones, Social Leader, Dies; As Mrs. Cadwalader Jones She Was Long Member of Circle of Exclusive Aristocrats". The New York Times. September 23, 1935. p. 17. Retrieved June 14, 2023.
  16. "John Cadwalader, III Collection" (PDF). Collection 3014. Historical Society of Pennsylvania. 2007. Retrieved March 11, 2011.
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