John Sprunt Hill

Born in Faison, in Duplin County, North Carolina to William Edward Hill and Frances Diana Hill, John Sprunt Hill left school at age twelve, to work as a clerk in a country store for four years. He then attended the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where he was a member of Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity and one of the co-founders of the Order of Gimghoul, and graduated maxima cum laude[3] in 1889 with a Ph.B. For two years, Hill taught at Faison High School, until he began attending law school at UNC in 1891. In 1892, he moved to New York City to complete his degree at Columbia University. Hill graduated from Columbia Law in 1894 and was admitted to the New York bar association and began practicing estate law, becoming a well-regarded and successful lawyer with his own firm, Hill, Sturcke & Andrews, by January 1895.[1][3] In 1898, Hill volunteered to serve in the U.S. Army in the Spanish–American War, fighting in Puerto Rico.[2][3] Following the war, he returned to Manhattan, continuing his law practice and becoming involved with the Democratic Party. He joined and served as a leader in groups like the Reform Club and the Young Men's Democratic Club.[1] In 1900, John Sprunt Hill ran, unsuccessfully, as a Democrat, for a seat in the United States House of Representatives, representing the heavily Republican 14th district of New York.[4]

While attending Columbia, John Sprunt Hill met and became romantically involved with fellow-student Annie Louise Watts, daughter of North Carolina businessman George Washington Watts, who had co-founded the American Tobacco Company with James B. Duke. John Sprunt Hill married Watts, in New York, on November 29, 1899.[1][5] In September 1903, shortly after the birth of their first child, George Watts Hill, John and Annie decided to relocate their family to Durham, to go into business with his father-in-law.[4] He later inherited his father-in-law's house, Harwood Hall.

G.W. Watts and J.S. Hill became powerful partners in the burgeoning Bull City. Together, they founded the Home Savings Bank, where Hill served as president, and Durham Loan & Trust Company, where he served as chairman of the board, almost immediately upon Hill's arrival in Durham.[1] From 1908 to 1910, J.S. Hill served as vice-president of Erwin Cotton Mills. In 1916, Watts and Hill founded the Home Security Life Insurance Company.[1]

During the Great Depression, Watts and Hill reorganized the Durham Loan & Trust Company into the Durham Bank & Trust Company in 1931. In 1950, Home Savings Bank merged with the Durham Bank & Trust. In early 1961, Durham Bank & Trust merged with University National Bank of Chapel Hill to become Central Carolina Bank and Trust.[1]

A golf enthusiast, Hill began building what became the Hillandale Country Club in Durham in 1909. Hill opened the course the 149-acre (0.60 km²) golf course, designed by Donald Ross, who drafted the first 9 holes in 1909 and Perry Maxwell, who drafted the back 9 in 1915, to public use in 1934, finalizing the transaction by 1939 by donation to the Durham Foundation.[9][10]

He gave the city the land for Hillside Park. He acquired the golf course at Forest Hills and donated it to the city for a park in 1930.[10] He donated a large tract of land on the East side of town to the city in 1932 for parkland, which the city divided up into a park for African-Americans (East End) and for whites (Long Meadow.) He donated land for a park at Branch Pl and Proctor, no longer extant. In 1933, he donated $20,000 to the city to purchase Durham Athletic Park and funded the reconstruction of the stadium after it burned down in 1939.[9][11]

In 1917, John Sprunt Hill, George W. Watts, James B. Duke and Benjamin N. Duke donated a sum of $8,500 to purchase the old Stokes homesite on Fayetteville Street, in order to relocate and expand Lincoln Hospital, Durham's primary hospital for African-Americans in the days of segregation.[12]

In 1930, John Sprunt Hill offered the John O'Daniel Hosiery Mills building for a Farmer's Exchange—a farmers' cooperative which grew to 900 members by 1935.[13] The decline in tobacco sales during the late-1920s, due to blight, spurred the need for farmers to market other farm products. The JOD Hosiery Mill became Durham's first Farmers' Market—what was referred to as a "curb market" at the time—where the farmers would sell some of their produce directly.[13] These early curb markets were evidently operated exclusively by women—offering "an extra source of income through the sale of poultry, eggs, baked and pickled goods, and fresh flowers and vegetables in season."[14]

Upon his death, in 1961, John Sprunt Hill donated his Morehead Hill Spanish Colonial Revival mansion, designed by Kendall and Taylor of Boston and built in 1912, to a foundation created in memory of his wife, who died on March 26, 1940. The Annie Watts Hill Foundation was created to support non-sectarian, non-political female organizations. As of 2008, the Junior League of Durham and Orange Counties makes its home here, although it is open to any group meeting the aforementioned criteria.[9] The John Sprunt Hill House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.[15] His Wakefield Dairy Complex near Wake Forest was listed in 2003.[15]

In 1920, the Hills began building the Carolina Inn, which was completed next to the UNC campus in 1924 in order "to provide for the special wants and comforts of the University alumni... and University visitors."[17] In 1935, they donated the hotel to the university, stipulating that the profits from the Inn would support what would later become the North Carolina Collection in UNC's Wilson Library.[5][17]