John Smith (Chancellor of the Exchequer)

John Smith (1656–1723) of Tedworth House, Hampshire, was an English politician who sat in the English and British House of Commons between 1678 and 1723. He served as Speaker and twice as Chancellor of the Exchequer.

John Smith
Portrait of John Smith by Godfrey Kneller
Chancellor of the Exchequer
In office
2 June 1699  27 March 1701
MonarchWilliam III
Preceded byCharles Montagu
Succeeded byHenry Boyle
In office
22 April 1708  11 August 1710
MonarchAnne
Preceded byHenry Boyle
Succeeded byRobert Harley
Speaker of the House of Commons
of Great Britain
In office
23 October 1705  1708
MonarchAnne
Preceded byRobert Harley
Succeeded byRichard Onslow
Parliamentary offices
Member of the Habeas Corpus Parliament
for Ludgershall
In office
1679–1679
Serving with Thomas Neale
Preceded by
Succeeded by
In office
1689–1690
Serving with John Deane
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Member of Parliament
for Bere Alston
In office
1691–1695
Serving with
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Member of Parliament
for Andover
In office
1695–1707
Serving with
Preceded by
  • Francis Powlett
  • John Pollen
Succeeded by
Member of Parliament
for East Looe
In office
1715–1724
Serving with
Preceded by
Succeeded by

Early life

Smith was the fourth, but only surviving, son of John Smith of Tedworth House, South Tidworth, Hampshire and his wife Mary Wright, daughter of Sir Edmund Wright, alderman, of London. His sister Anne married Sir Samuel Dashwood, MP and Lord Mayor of London. He matriculated at St John's College, Oxford, on 18 May 1672, aged 16, and was admitted at the Middle Temple in 1674.[1] His father died in 1690. He succeeded to his estate, and then to the estate of his uncle Thomas Smith in 1692.

Career

Smith was a moderate Whig. He was first elected as Member of Parliament for Ludgershall at a contest in February 1679, but was defeated in the second election of the year in August. He stood again in 1681, and there was a double return, which was only resolved after the end of that Parliament. In 1689 he was returned unopposed as MP for Ludgershall.[2]

Tedworth House, as rebuilt in the 19th century

Smith was returned as MP for Bere Alston at a by-election on 15 December 1691. In 1694 he was appointed as a Lord of the Treasury and became a Privy Councillor on 23 May 1695. At the 1695 general election he was returned unopposed as MP for Andover. From 1695 to 1697 he was a Commissioner for Prize Appeals. He was returned unopposed again as MP for Andover at the 1698 general election. On 2 June 1699 he became Chancellor of the Exchequer. He was elected as MP for Andover again at the first general election of 1701, but although he was asked to continue as Chancellor, felt uncomfortable in a changed Parliament and resigned on 27 March 1701. In the second general election of 1701 and in that of 1702 he was re-elected MP for Andover. He was returned unopposed for Andover at the 1705 general election and was chosen as Speaker of the House of Commons in 1705. In 1706 he was a Commissioner for the Union with Scotland, and was the last Speaker of the House of Commons of England. After the Acts of Union 1707, he became the first Speaker of the new House of Commons of Great Britain. He was proposed for this position by his joint partner in the Company of Scotland, Francis Montgomerie of Giffen.[3]

At the 1708 general election Smith was returned unopposed as MP for Andover, and subsequently gave up his position as Speaker when he was appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer again on 22 April 1708. He ceased to be Chancellor at the dissolution of Parliament on 11 August 1710, and was returned unopposed for Andover at the 1710 election. He was then appointed to the lucrative post of Teller of the Exchequer. He refused to stand for Parliament at the 1713 election, offended by suggestions that the ministry had him under control. His post of Teller was renewed in 1714 and he held it for the rest of his life.[4]

Smith was returned as Member of Parliament for East Looe at the general elections in 1715 and 1722.[5]

Personal life

He married Anne Steward, daughter of Sir Nicholas Steward, 1st Baronet, of Hartley Mauditt, Hampshire on 1 September 1679. Anne died in 1680 and he married secondly Anne Strickland, daughter of Sir Thomas Strickland of Boynton, Yorkshire by licence dated 7 November 1683.

Smith died on 2 October 1723 and was buried in the old church at South Tidworth. He and his second wife had four sons and three daughters, including Mary Smith and Anne Smith, Lady Grant. His son Thomas was also a Whig Member of Parliament.

Coat of arms of John Smith
Escutcheon
Quarterly: 1st & 4th: azure, two bars between three pheons or (for Smith) 2nd & 3rd: Argent, a mullet pierced sable (for Assheton)[6][7][8]

References

  1. Foster, Joseph. "'Smith-Sowton', in Alumni Oxonienses 1500-1714, ed. Joseph Foster (Oxford, 1891), pp. 1368-1394". British History Online. Retrieved 28 November 2018.
  2. "SMITH, John (c.1656-1723), of South Tidworth, Hants". History of Parliament Online (1660-1690). Retrieved 25 November 2018.
  3. Hayton, D. W. "MONTGOMERIE, Hon. Francis (d. by 1729), of Giffen, Ayr". History of Parliament Online. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
  4. "SMITH, John I (c.1655-1723), of South Tidworth". History of Parliament Online (1690-1715). Retrieved 25 November 2018.
  5. "SMITH, John (?1655-1723), of South Tidworth, Hants". History of Parliament Online (1715-1754). Retrieved 17 May 2013.
  6. Manning, James Alexander (1851). The Lives of the Speakers of the House of Commons, from the Time of King Edward III to Queen Victoria. G. Willis. p. 412. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  7. Burke, Sir Bernard (1852). A genealogical and heraldic dictionary of the landed gentry of Great Britain & Ireland for 1852. Colburn and Company. p. 1248.
  8. Burke, Bernard (1864). The General Armory of England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales. Harrison & sons. p. 936.
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