John Thomas Cooper
John Thomas Cooper (1790–1854) was an English chemist notable as a lecturer, chemical supplier and chemical analyst, at a time when interest was burgeoning in chemistry as a discipline of study and application.
John Thomas Cooper | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1790  |
| Died | 1854 (aged 63–64) |
Biography
Cooper was born in Greenwich and studied and for a short while practised medicine. Finding the life of general practitioner stressful and tiring, he turned instead to chemistry, to which he applied himself with zeal. Until 1842 he lectured in chemistry at a number of establishments, including the Russell Institution, the Aldersgate School of Medicine, and the Webb Street School of Anatomy and Medicine in Southwark.[1][2]
Cooper acted as a manufacturer and supplier of chemicals - "at one time the sole supplier of iodine in Britain" according to the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. He devised or collaborated to produce a number of tools and techniques for which he won repute, including a hydrometer, an oxy-hydrogen microscope (the gasses providing a bright light-source), a baroscope, a refractometer; improvements in electroplating, electric cell design, and microscope mountings.[1]
He was employed as a chemical analyst and appeared at court as an expert witness on a number of occasions. He provided expert services to a Royal Society and Board of Longitude initiative to improve the optical qualities of glass;[1] and testimonials of the purity of a new line of brandy to its manufacturers for use in its advertising.[3] He discovered iodoform but did not publish, that honour falling to Georges-Simon Serullas.[1]
Cooper was vice-president of the London Chemical Society during its short incarnation. One of Cooper's students, Robert Warington founded the Chemical Society of London, and Cooper was an "energetic early Fellow".[4]
Cooper's name and excellent reputation is not entirely free from controversy, however. He is implicated in the support of a patent for the use of hyposulphite of soda to fix daguerreotype images, despite clear indications that he was aware of prior art demonstrated and published by Sir John Herschel.[5]
References
- James, Frank A. J. L. (2004). "Cooper, John Thomas (1790–1854), chemist". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/39361. ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8. Retrieved 26 January 2012. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- "John Thomas Cooper, Esq". The Gentleman's Magazine and Historical Review, Volume 196. November 1854. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
- "Patent French Distilled Brandy advert". The Edinburgh Review: or Critical Journal. July 1830.
- Brock, William H (2011). The Case of the Poisonous Socks: Tales from Chemistry. Royal Society of Chemistry. pp. 71–72. ISBN 9781849733243.
- Wood, J. Derek (2008). "Fourteenth March 1839, Herschel's Key to Photography, the way the moment is preserved for the future". Jubilee – 30 Years ESHPh. Congress of Photography in Vienna (Fotohof edition (nr.104)): 18–31. Archived from the original on 11 March 2010. Retrieved 26 January 2012.