Joro toxin

Joro spider toxin (joro toxin, JSTX) - a toxin which was originally extracted from the venom of the joro spider (Trichonephila clavata), originally native to Japan.

Joro toxin
Names
IUPAC name
(2S)-N1-{5-[3-({4-[(3-Aminopropyl)amino]butyl}amino)propanamido]pentyl}-N2-[(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetyl]-L-glutaminamide
Systematic IUPAC name
(2S)-N1-{5-[3-({4-[(3-Aminopropyl)amino]butyl}amino)propanamido]pentyl}-2-[2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetamido]butanediamide
Other names
Joro Spider toxin
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.217.900
KEGG
  • InChI=1S/C27H47N7O6/c28-10-6-13-30-11-4-5-12-31-16-9-25(38)32-14-2-1-3-15-33-27(40)22(19-24(29)37)34-26(39)17-20-7-8-21(35)18-23(20)36/h7-8,18,22,30-31,35-36H,1-6,9-17,19,28H2,(H2,29,37)(H,32,38)(H,33,40)(H,34,39)/t22-/m0/s1 checkY
    Key: SJLRBGDPTALRDM-QFIPXVFZSA-N checkY
  • O=C(NCCCCCNC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)Cc1ccc(O)cc1O)CC(=O)N)CCNCCCCNCCCN
Properties
C27H47N7O6
Molar mass 565.716 g·mol−1
Appearance White-grey powder
Density 1.196 g/cm3
Boiling point 979.883 °C (1,795.789 °F; 1,253.033 K)
Acidity (pKa) 9.53
Basicity (pKb) 10.573
Hazards
Flash point 546.414 °C (1,015.545 °F; 819.564 K)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

Biochemical analysis

Joro toxin has demonstrated the ability to selectively block

It inhibits

Joro toxin does not affect

  • aspartate-induced neural depolarization,
  • resting membrane potential,
  • nerve terminal spontaneous signalling, or
  • inhibitory postsynaptic potentials.

Sources
  • Jackson, Jaewan; Lee, P.N.R. (1988). "Spider toxins as tools for dissecting elements of excitatory amino acid transmission". Trends in Neurosciences. 11 (6): 278–283. doi:10.1016/0166-2236(88)90112-9. PMID 2465627. S2CID 42853484.
  • Saito, Mitsuyoshi; Sahara, Yoshinori; Miwa, Akiko; Shimazaki, Kuniko; Nakajima, Terumi; Kawai, Nobufumi (1989). "Effects of a spider toxin (JSTX) on hippocampal CA1 neurons in vitro". Brain Research. 481 (1): 16–24. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(89)90480-0. PMID 2565131. S2CID 24856322.
  • Sahara, Yoshinori; Robinson, Hugh P.C.; Miwa, Akiko; Kawai, Nobufumi (1991). "A voltage-clamp study of the effects of Joro spider toxin and zinc on excitatory synaptic transmission in CA1 pyramidal cells of the guinea pig hippocampal slice". Neuroscience Research. 10 (3): 200–210. doi:10.1016/0168-0102(91)90057-6. PMID 1677747. S2CID 38895357.

References
  1. Kawai, Nobufumi (1991). "Spider toxin and pertussis toxin differentiate post- and presynaptic glutamate receptors". Neuroscience Research. 12 (1): 3–12. doi:10.1016/0168-0102(91)90095-G. PMID 1660989. S2CID 23524210.
  2. Shudo, Koichi; Endo, Yasuyuki; Hashimoto, Yuichi; Aramaki, Yoshio; Nakajima, Terumi; Kawai, Nobufumi (1987). "Newly synthesized analogues of the spider toxin block the crustacean glutamate receptor". Neuroscience Research. 5 (1): 82–85. doi:10.1016/0168-0102(87)90026-5. PMID 2829068. S2CID 41151994.
  3. Kawai, Nobufumi; Niwa, Akiko; Abe, Takashi (1982). "Spider venom contains specific receptor blocker of glutaminergic synapses". Brain Research. 247 (1): 169–171. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(82)91044-7. PMID 6127145. S2CID 38772662.
  4. Mueller, Alan L.; Albensi, Benedict C.; Ganong, Alan H.; Reynolds, Linda S.; Jackson, Hunter (1991). "Arylamine spider toxins antagonize NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission in rat hippocampal slices". Synapse. 9 (4): 244–250. doi:10.1002/syn.890090403. PMID 1662833. S2CID 2546161.
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